Church, State and Lay Piety

Florence and Venice in the Renaissance HI320

Canaletto, San Pietro di Castello (C18th)

Titian, Doge Antonio Grimani presents

himself to the Faith (Palazzo Ducale, 1575-

6)

Palma il Giovane, Doge Francesco Venier beseeching the

Virgin Mary (Palazzo Ducale, 1595)

Medici Palace Chapel,

Florence, with frescoes by Benozzo

Gozzoli (1459-61)

“in the Italian Republics of the Renaissance

religion ceased to be, as it had been in the

Middle Ages, the preserve of specialists”

(J.J. Martin)

Continuities and Changes

Church and State

• “The church becomes increasingly more like a state, and the state becomes more and more involved in the religious sphere” (R. Bizzocchi)

• Venetian Popes Gregory XII (r. 1406-15), Eugenius IV (r.1431-47)

• nipoti - nepotism

Pinturicchio, Eugenius IV (Siena, 1502-7)

Florence

• Medici Popes Leo X and Clement VII

• War of the Eight Saints (1375-8)

• Interdicts 1376, 1478, 1511

Raphael, Leo X with Giulio de’ Medici (1518-19)

Archbishop of Florence

Antonino Pierozzi (Saint Antoninus),

1389-1459

Lorenzo Lotto, St. Antoninus, 1542

Venice• 1451 Patriarch of Grado

moved to Venice

• Tre savi contra l’eresia

• 1509 Interdict from Julius II

• Giovani resist papal influence

• 1606-7 InterdictGentile Bellini, Patriarch Lorenzo

Giustiniani (1459)

The Parish

Confraternities

• laudesi

• sacre rappresentazioni

SaSanta nta MaMaria ria NoNovelvellala

Santa Maria

Novella (Dominican

)

Santa Croce (Franciscan)

Santa Maria dei Frari (Franciscan)

San Giovanni e Paolo (Dominican)

Preachers

• Saint Bernardino of Siena (1380-44), Saint Antoninus (1389-1459), Savonarola (1452-98)

• Bernardino Ochino (1487-1564)

Religion in everyday life

• ‘The Merchant of Prato’ Francesco Datini: ‘in the name of God and profit’

•“Vengeance must fall on thee, thou filthy whore / Of Babylon, thou breaker of Christ’s fold” (Petrarch, Sonnets)