Chp. 22.1 ReviewChp. 22.1 Review

1.1. Name the male and female reproductive Name the male and female reproductive structures.structures.

2.2. Which division is the smallest and it contains Which division is the smallest and it contains hornworts?hornworts?

3.3. What are the two types of liverworts?What are the two types of liverworts?

4.4. Which generation is dominant.Which generation is dominant.

5.5. How does water get into nonvascular plants?How does water get into nonvascular plants?

Non-Seed Vascular PlantsNon-Seed Vascular Plants

Chp. 22.2Chp. 22.2

Non-seed vascular plantNon-seed vascular plant

Has vascular tissueHas vascular tissue What is vascular tissue’s function?What is vascular tissue’s function?

Elongated cells that absorb water and transport Elongated cells that absorb water and transport water throughout the plantwater throughout the plant

They do not have seeds. To reproduce they release They do not have seeds. To reproduce they release spores.spores.

Alternation of generationsAlternation of generations

There are two stagesThere are two stages SporophyteSporophyte GametophyteGametophyte

The spore producing sporophyte stage is The spore producing sporophyte stage is dominant. dominant.

In some non-seed plants, spore bearing leaves In some non-seed plants, spore bearing leaves form a cluster called a form a cluster called a strobilusstrobilus..

A fern gametophyte is called a A fern gametophyte is called a prothallusprothallus.. The gametophyte stage is small and grows The gametophyte stage is small and grows

underground. It has the archegonium and the underground. It has the archegonium and the antheridium on it and it requires a constant antheridium on it and it requires a constant film of water for fertilization.film of water for fertilization.

LycophytaLycophyta

Commonly called club mosses and spike Commonly called club mosses and spike mosses.mosses.

The sporophyte generation is dominant.The sporophyte generation is dominant.

ArthrophytaArthrophyta

Common name – horsetailsCommon name – horsetails They contain silica which can be used as an They contain silica which can be used as an

abrasive. They were once used to clean abrasive. They were once used to clean cooking utensils.cooking utensils.

PterophytaPterophyta

Called ferns.Called ferns. Fern structuresFern structures

RhizomeRhizome – thick underground stem – thick underground stem FrondsFronds – leaves of a fern – leaves of a fern SporangiumSporangium – compartment where – compartment where

spores are heldspores are held SorusSorus – cluster of sporangium – cluster of sporangium