ChordatesChordates

ChordatesChordates

◊ What is a chordate?•1. Has either a backbone or a notochord (vertebrate)

•2. Can either be an ectotherm or an endotherm

◊ What is a chordate?•1. Has either a backbone or a notochord (vertebrate)

•2. Can either be an ectotherm or an endotherm

ChordatesChordates

◊Endotherm (warmblooded)•Has a stable body temperature

◊Ectotherm (coldblooded)•Can change body temperature due to the environment

◊Endotherm (warmblooded)•Has a stable body temperature

◊Ectotherm (coldblooded)•Can change body temperature due to the environment

ChordatesChordates

◊ 5 Major Catagories of Chordates• Fish• Amphibians• Reptiles• Birds• Mammals

◊ 5 Major Catagories of Chordates• Fish• Amphibians• Reptiles• Birds• Mammals

AmphibiansAmphibians

◊ Amphibian- means “double life”• Why?

◊ After beginning their lives in water, most amphibians spend their adulthood on land, returning to water to reproduce. (Lose gills and acquire lungs)

◊ Amphibian- means “double life”• Why?

◊ After beginning their lives in water, most amphibians spend their adulthood on land, returning to water to reproduce. (Lose gills and acquire lungs)

◊ http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/amphibians-animals/frogs-and-toads/frog_greentree_lifecycle.html

◊ http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/amphibians-animals/frogs-and-toads/frog_greentree_lifecycle.html

AmphibiansAmphibians◊ 3 types/orders:

• Anura (frogs and toads), • Caudata (salamanders and newts),

and• Gymnophiona (caecilians, limbless

amphibians that resemble snakes)

◊ 3 types/orders:• Anura (frogs and toads), • Caudata (salamanders and newts),

and• Gymnophiona (caecilians, limbless

amphibians that resemble snakes)

AmphibiansAmphibians

◊ What’s the difference between a frog and a toad?• 1. Many toads have lumps behind

their eyes that contain poison that oozes out when they are attacked.

• 2. Skin- ◊ Frogs are moist and smooth◊ Toads are dry and bumpy

◊ What’s the difference between a frog and a toad?• 1. Many toads have lumps behind

their eyes that contain poison that oozes out when they are attacked.

• 2. Skin- ◊ Frogs are moist and smooth◊ Toads are dry and bumpy

Frog DissectionFrog Dissection

◊ What are the rules of lab?◊ How should we behave?

◊ http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_16/BL_16.html

◊ What are the rules of lab?◊ How should we behave?

◊ http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_16/BL_16.html

Frog Dissection- MouthFrog Dissection- Mouth

http://www.frog-life-cycle.com/2-diagram-frog-anatomy.html

ReptilesReptiles◊ An ectothermic vertebrate that has

lungs and scaly skin.◊ Major Groups:

•Lizards•Snakes•Turtles•Alligators•Crocodiles

◊ An ectothermic vertebrate that has lungs and scaly skin.

◊ Major Groups:•Lizards•Snakes•Turtles•Alligators•Crocodiles

ReptilesReptiles

◊ Unlike amphibians, which have a thin, moist skin, reptiles have dry, tough skin covered with scales.

•Skin protects and helps keep water in their bodies.

◊ Unlike amphibians, which have a thin, moist skin, reptiles have dry, tough skin covered with scales.

•Skin protects and helps keep water in their bodies.

ReptilesReptiles

◊ Lizards and snakes shed their skin.◊ All snakes are carnivores but not

all lizards are.◊ Turtles have a shell made from

their ribs and backbone.

◊ Lizards and snakes shed their skin.◊ All snakes are carnivores but not

all lizards are.◊ Turtles have a shell made from

their ribs and backbone.

ReptilesReptiles◊ What is the difference between an

alligator and a croc?• Alligators have broad, rounded

snouts, with only a few teeth visible.• Crocodiles have pointed snouts, and

you can see most of their teeth.

◊ What is the difference between an alligator and a croc?• Alligators have broad, rounded

snouts, with only a few teeth visible.• Crocodiles have pointed snouts, and

you can see most of their teeth.

BirdsBirds

◊ Bird: an endothermic vertebrate that has feathers and a four-chambered heart, and lays eggs.

◊ The rule is:• If it has feathers, it’s a bird.

◊ Bird: an endothermic vertebrate that has feathers and a four-chambered heart, and lays eggs.

◊ The rule is:• If it has feathers, it’s a bird.

BirdsBirds◊ Feathers:

•Contour: one of the large feathers that give shape to a bird’s body.

•Flight: long contour feathers that extend beyond the body on the wings and tail.

•Down: short, fluffy that are specialized to trap heat and keep a bird warm.

◊ Feathers:•Contour: one of the large

feathers that give shape to a bird’s body.

•Flight: long contour feathers that extend beyond the body on the wings and tail.

•Down: short, fluffy that are specialized to trap heat and keep a bird warm.

BirdsBirds◊ Feed

• Capture, grip and handle food, birds use their bills.

• Bills specify per species• Internal storage tank called a crop• Birds do not have teeth, a gizzard

performs the grinding function

◊ Feed• Capture, grip and handle food, birds

use their bills. • Bills specify per species• Internal storage tank called a crop• Birds do not have teeth, a gizzard

performs the grinding function

BirdsBirds

◊ Adaptations for Flight• 4 chambered heart• Highly efficient respiratory system • Lightweight bones with air spaces

◊ Adaptations for Flight• 4 chambered heart• Highly efficient respiratory system • Lightweight bones with air spaces

MammalsMammals◊ All mammals are endothermic

vertebrates with a 4 chambered heart and skin covered with fur or hair.

◊ All mammals are endothermic vertebrates with a 4 chambered heart and skin covered with fur or hair.

MammalsMammals

◊ All mammals have….

◊ 1. Hair or fur

◊ 2. Mammary glands (feed with milk)

◊ 3. Distinctive teeth

◊ 4. Highly developed brain

◊ 5. Extended care for the young

◊ All mammals have….

◊ 1. Hair or fur

◊ 2. Mammary glands (feed with milk)

◊ 3. Distinctive teeth

◊ 4. Highly developed brain

◊ 5. Extended care for the young

MammalsMammals

◊ Three groups of mammals• Monotremes• Marsupials• Placental mammals

◊ Three groups of mammals• Monotremes• Marsupials• Placental mammals

MammalsMammals

◊ Monotremes• Mammals that lay eggs• Two species:

◊ Spiny anteaters◊ Duck-billed platypuses

◊ Monotremes• Mammals that lay eggs• Two species:

◊ Spiny anteaters◊ Duck-billed platypuses

MammalsMammals◊ Marsupials

• Young born alive at an early stage, but continue to develop in a pouch

• Examples:◊Kangaroos◊Koalas◊Wallabies◊opossums

◊ Marsupials• Young born alive at an early stage,

but continue to develop in a pouch• Examples:

◊Kangaroos◊Koalas◊Wallabies◊opossums

MammalsMammals◊ Placental Mammals

• Develop inside a mother’s body until its body system can function independently.

• Examples:◊ Insect-eaters◊Flying mammals◊Primates◊Rodents◊Rabbits/hares◊Marine mammals◊Hoofed mammals

◊ Placental Mammals• Develop inside a mother’s body until its

body system can function independently.

• Examples:◊ Insect-eaters◊Flying mammals◊Primates◊Rodents◊Rabbits/hares◊Marine mammals◊Hoofed mammals