Chordate Characteristics

UrochordatesTunicates & Sea Squirts

Cephalochordates Lancelets (Amphioxus)

Agnatha

Hagfish & Lamprey

AGNATHA

- True vertebrae- Gills

Lamprey

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Lamprey_illustration_side.png

Chondrichthyes (cartilagenous fish)

Gnathostomes

2 chambered heart

Cat Shark EggOviparous

Dogfish Shark embryosOvoviviparous

Porbeagle embryo viviparous

LATERAL LINE

Osteichthyes

OSTEICHTHYES

• Bone in their skeleton • An operculum covering the gill

openings• A swimbladder or lungs• True scales• Paired fins• Ammonia excretion

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vertebrates/sarco/lungfish1.jpg

Amphibia

Amphibians• 1st tetrapods

• Tetrapod• Ectothermic• 3-chambered heart (Double circulation)• Smooth skin, lacks scales (Desiccation

if dry)• Cutaneous respiration• Lungs• Excretes urea

METAMORPHOSIS

Tadpoles Frogs

Herbivorous Carnivorous

Aquatic Aquatic & Terrestrial

Single loop circulation Double loop circulation

Gills Lungs

EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION

BIOINDICATORS

Reptile Characteristics

• Ectothermic

• Dry skin covered in scales

• Most have 2 pairs of short legs & clawed feet

• Oviparous reproduction

• Internal fertilization – to avoid desiccation of gametes

Eggs amniotic

Lungs to breathe

3 or 4 chambered heart

No metamorphosis

Hibernate & aestivate

Excretory Waste

• The excretory waste of the reptiles is uric acid

AVESEndothermicFeathers = modified scalesWingsHollow bones4 chambered heartAmniotic eggParental careCrop & gizzardAir sacs & lungsCounter-current circulationUric Acid excretion

PARENTAL CARE

Mammals• Endothermic• Mammary glands• Fur• 4 chambered heart• Diaphragm

MONOTREMES

Marsupials

EUTHERIANS