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8/2/2019 China Women Entrepreneurship: A Survey
1/20
Prof. Shi Qingqi
China Federation of IT Protection, Committee onGreen Economy and Informationization
Liu Manhong, Mannie
Professor, Renmin University
Feb. 27, 2012, Manila
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian
Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy ofthe data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper donot imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.
8/2/2019 China Women Entrepreneurship: A Survey
2/20
Women Entrepreneurship in China
Brief History
China women entrepreneurs emerged during1980s, right after Chinas economic reformstarted in 1979
They accounted less than 10% during 1980s China government established Socialist Market
Economy as its basic economic developmentmodel in 1995, allowed private enterprises
legally participate in the market, Chinas womenentrepreneur started booming Increased to about 20% in 2000 Now increased to about 25%
8/2/2019 China Women Entrepreneurship: A Survey
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Chinas Women Entrepreneur Definition
We do not have particular definition for women
entrepreneurWe believe an entrepreneur who is a woman can be
called : woman entrepreneur
We use CWEr to represent China Women
EntrepreneursWe use CWEs to represent China Womens enterprises
8/2/2019 China Women Entrepreneurship: A Survey
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Chinas Women Enterprise
definition
Chinas women enterprise is defined as:
a company owned by a womanentrepreneur
In our 2011 survey: 74% of all womenentrepreneurs own more than 51% of
their enterprises. But we do notexclude those less than 51% ownershipfrom women enterprise
8/2/2019 China Women Entrepreneurship: A Survey
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CAWE: China Association of
Women Entrepreneurs CAWE: established in 1985
The only legitimate national women entrepreneurs
organization registered with the PRC Ministry of Civil Affairs as a
non-business legal person
Has 69 sub associations from provinces; cities;
counties and other regions Members and associated members are close to 10,000
8/2/2019 China Women Entrepreneurship: A Survey
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CAWE: global perspective The CAWE regularly convenes the International
Forum for Outstanding Women Business Leaders andcommend Outstanding Women Entrepreneurs andOutstanding Women in Business Creation,
organize delegations to attend meetings of the UNCommission on Sustainable Development, the UN
NGO Annual Conference, the meeting of the UNCommission on the Status of Women and the GlobalSummit of Women.
8/2/2019 China Women Entrepreneurship: A Survey
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China Association of Women
Entrepreneurs The Organization:
CAWE
ElectricityElectricity
ElectricityElectricity
ElectricityElectricityElectricity
ElectricityMemberAssociations
Individualmembers
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Characteristics of China Women
Enterprises: a Recent Survey China Association of Woman Entrepreneurs did
some survey on Chinas entrepreneurs Next we would like to report some of the founding
from the recent two surveys: Survey 2009: Sample size 500 survey 2011: Sample size 452
Note: We would like to do more comparison
between male and female entrepreneurs,unfortunately, in 2001 survey, we did not collect maleentrepreneurs data; we did some comparison basedon 2009 data
8/2/2019 China Women Entrepreneurship: A Survey
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CWEs: TrendChina Womens Enterprises are
continuously increasing
China Womens enterprises accounted for20% by the beginning of the century
Now increased to about 25%, and
continuously rising
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CWEs: increasing in sizes,2011
yr 2000
yr 2006
yr 2009
yr 2011
21%
36.50%
36.00%
36.50%
13%
13.60%
13%
20%
CWEs: Sales
10 to 100 m.RMB above 100 m RMB
8/2/2019 China Women Entrepreneurship: A Survey
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China Women Entrepreneurs:
Education Level: 2011
16%
31%
36%
17%
20%
35%
38%
7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
High School Junior College Bachelor Master or Above
2011 2009
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China Women Entrepreneurs
20%
35%
38%
7%
45%
Education Level, 2009
High School Junior College Bachelor Master or Above
6% higherThan Thatof men
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China Women Entrepreneurs
16%
31%
36%
17%
53%
Education Level , 2011
High School Junior College Bachelor Master or Above
Higher thanThat of 2009Especially for
Master degreeOr above
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Educational Level: Male/Female
Entrepreneurs Comparison: 2009 data
High School Junior College Bachelor Master or Above
21%
40%
35%
4%
20%
35%
38%
7%
male female
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CWEr: Age Distribution: 2011
3%
34%
45%
18%
2%
30%
46%
22%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
50
2011 2009
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CWEr: become younger
3%
34%
45%
18%
2011
50
2000, 28% (red)53% (yellow)
2%
30%
46%
22%
2009
50
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Sources of (technological and
economic) Information for CWEr78%
63% 61%
48%45%
39%
67%
55%
48% 47%
39%
49%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Internet Television Newspaper IndustryAssociaton
Exhibition TechnicalAgency
2011 2009
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CWEs: Export Proportion
57%
25%18%
52%
28%
20%
70%
2011 2009
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CWEs: Export Destinations
2011
20090%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
North AmericaEurope
South East AsiaJapan & Korea
57%54%
51%
35%
57% 62%
38%
29%
2011 2009