Chest wall deformity

WHAT IS NORMAL SHAPE

OF CHEST WALL?

Abnormal shape of chest wall

1. Pigeon chest (pictus carinatum)

2.Funnel chest (pectus excavatum):In ward depression of sternum due to

fibrous replacement of anterior portion of the diaphragm

When it is severe heart my be compressed and ventilatory limitation of the lung

3.Harisson’s sulcus and rachitic rosaries:A depression on both sides of the

lower chest extending from xyphoid process out wards and down words (site of attachment of diaphragm)

4.Unilateral bulge of chest wall:• Presence of pneumothorax or

pleural effusion

• Compensatory emphysema

• Chest wall tumor

5.Unilateral retraction of chest wall :• Fibro thorax

• Collapse

• thoracoplasty

6.Barrel shape chest:

• Increase antroposterior diameter

• Up ward and out ward bulge of chest

• Ribs became transverse

• Wide intercostals space

Spinal deformity

1.Scoliosis :Lateral curvature of the spine

may alter the position of mediastinum lead to mediastinal compression and ventilatory restriction

Causes:

• Conginital

• Neuropathy:(poliomylitis-cerebral palsy…)

• Myopathy

• Sex linked as Turner’s syndrome

2.Kyphoscoliosis back ward and lateral displacement of the spine

3. lordoscoliosis

4.Ankylosingspondiolitis:calcification of inter vertebral

ligaments “ bamboo spine”