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Chemical Safety, Security & Sustainability: Contribution of Green Chemistry
Muhamad A. MartoprawiroChair of Master Program in Computational Science ITB
President of the Indonesian Chemical Society
Indonesia Chemical Security Awareness WebinarsInstitut Teknologi Kalimantan, 26 Oktober 2017
Indonesian Science and Math Societies
PengantarPenjelasan green chemistry secara umum, dan pentingnyakimia hijau untuk kehidupan.
Pengertian selamat (safe), aman (secure) dan tahan(sustain)
Penggunaan bahan kimia yang aman yang dapat menjagakeberlangsungan alam.
Pengurangan penggunaan zat tambahan berupa zat kimiaberbahaya dalam suatu produk sehari-hari.
Aspek-aspek yang perlu ditinjau untuk menjaminkeselamatan, keamanan, dan ketahanan kimia.
Green Chemistry
H.M. Meena, Green Chemistry and Its Applications, 2017
Vivek Polshettiwar & Rajender S. Varma, "Organo- and nano-catalyst in greener reaction medium: Microwave-assisted expedient synthesis of fine chemicals", 237th ACS National Meeting, 2009
Hiren Joshi, “Green Chemistry: An Overview”, 2009
Green Chemistry
Twelve Principles1 – Prevent waste rather then treat it2 – Incorporate all raw materials info final product3 – Use synthetic method4 – Design chemical products to reduce toxicity 5 – Phase out solvents and other intermediates 6 – Use energy efficient processes 7 – Use renewable raw materials 8 – Reuse chemical intermediates to reduce wastes 9 – Select catalysts to carry out single reaction many
times 10 – Use chemicals that break down 11 – Develop better analytical techniques for real-time
monitoring 12 – Use chemical s with low risk for accidents, fires, and
explosions
Bahan Kimia Aman?Chemical safety, security, and sustainability
Chemical safety: protect people from chemicals
Sifatnya kecelakaan, tidak disengaja
Chemical security: protect chemicals from people
Sifatnya dilandasi niat buruk, kesengajaan
Chemical sustainability: select chemicals to sustain
Hazards vs. Risks
A hazard is something that can cause harm
A risk is the chance, high or low, that any hazard will actually cause somebody harm.
“What is the difference between a ‘hazard’ and a ‘risk’?”, https://worksmart.org.uk/health-advice/health-and-safety/hazards-and-risks/what-difference-between-hazard-and-risk, accessed on 22 September 2017
Chemical safety = keselamatan kimia
Bahan Kimia Aman?
Chemical Safety
Chemical security = keamanan kimia
Bahan Kimia Aman?
Chemical Security
Bahan Kimia Aman?
Chemical Security
Sandia National Laboratories, “Chemical Security for Industry and the Chemical Supply Chain”, Dubai, UAE, 15-16 January 2014, http://slideplayer.com/slide/5904342
Chemical sustainability = ketahanan kimia
Salah satu perwujudan ketahanan kimia misalnya ketikamerancang suatu praktikum di laboratorium. Padaperancangan itu, diusahakan agar semua atau sebanyakmungkin zat yang digunakan, berasal dari wilayah itu, tidak dibeli dari wilayah lain.
Kata sustainable itu sendiri, digunakan sebagai sinonimdari green chemistry, yaitu bahwa kimia hijau kadangdianggap sinonim dari sustainable chemistry.
Chemical sustainability amat terkait dengan chemical safety and security. Silakan direnungkan.
Bahan Kimia Aman?
Chemical Sustainability
Bahan Kimia Aman?
Chemical Sustainability
Bahan Kimia Aman?
Chemical Sustainability
Dominic Foo, "Superheroes Society: Engineering a Greener World", http://coursesmalaysia.com/article/superheroes-society-engineering-a-greener-world.aspx, accessed on 22 February 2017.
Bahan Kimia Aman?
Chemical Sustainability
Sustainable chemistry and chemical sustainability in education
Bahan Kimia Aman?
Chemical Sustainability
H.M. Meena, Green Chemistry and Its Applications, 2017
Chemical Risk ManagementGaris besar konsep dan prinsip-prinsip dasar
Dasar-dasar risiko, dan perbedaannya dengan bahaya(hazard) dan ancaman (threat)
Persepsi risiko vs. risiko yang nyata
Konsep risiko dapat diterapkan pada keselamatan (safety) maupun keamanan kimia (chemical security)
Diperlukan penilaian risiko (risk assessment) untukfasilitas kimia, misalnya laboratorium
Keamanan Kimia di Ind.Rangkuman:
Himpunan Kimia Indonesia (HKI) worked on chemical safety and security (CSS) in Indonesia with Sandia Nation-al Laboratories since 2008, with CRDF Global since 2012
From our activities, in turned out that many efforts that have been done before in Indonesia via workshops, etc. focus mostly on safety not security
We found also that after Bali bombing, regulations touch on importation of chemicals, but control and monitoring on everyday trading of chemicals should be improved.
Keamanan Kimia di Indonesia
Usaha di Dunia Akademik
•Responsible Science Curriculum
•Standard procedures, manuals, etc.
•Infrastructure
•Facilities
•Inventory of chemicals
•Management of chemicals
•Students and laboratory staffs
CSSO,Regular
Trainings
CIMS,Purchasing
Research, Education Practices
Access,Policies
Chemical Inventory SystemHKI has also endorsed the use of Excel-based CIMS (Chemical Information Management System) developed by Sandia National Laboratories, in many universities in Indonesia.
In collaboration with Sandia National Laboratories, HKI is developing (open-source) web-based version of the software.
University of Indonesia (UI) has also developed and implemented web-based version of the Excel-based CIMS. (see Ade Arsianti slides)
Chemical Inventory Management System
Standardization in Indonesia HKI has discussed some standards in Chemical Inventory Management System. We will propose this standards to be applied in academic laboratories.
Some standards under development: Standard of fields on the database, or standard of conversion
Standard pattern of barcode for chemicals (national standard)Example:
ITB-Me-235263241415-0001
ITB = Institut Teknologi Bandung
Me = Merck (the supplier of chemicals)
235… = catalog number
0001 = unique numbering for each package of chemicals
From the barcode, without checking to the database, everybody could know the first institution responsible with the chemicals
Responsible ScienceLearning module on Chemical Risk Management or Integrated Chemical Management could be placed in larger context: Responsible Science Curriculum.
Since last year, HKI has been developing Responsible Science Curriculum. We defined two targets:
Develop educational materials on Responsible Science, that can be adapted to trainings, courses, or other activities in an academic program, especially undergraduate/bachelor program. This materials can also adapted to master and doctoral courses.
Develop suggestions and strategies about how to introduce ethics related to chemical safety and security, and chemistry in general, in the curriculum.
Responsible Science Curriculum
Summary of Topics We design the educational materials in the following topics, but for specific academic programs, we will develop suggestions, which topics should be taken to develop syllabus etc.
1. Introduction to Responsible Science2. Principles of Chemical Management3. Chemical Safety and Security Principles4. Dual Use of Chemicals5. Chemical Inventory Management System 6. Chemical Procurement7. Chemical Storage 8. Chemical Waste Management 9. Managing Chemical Safety and Security 10. Chemical Distribution System
Responsible Science Curriculum
Delivery and AssessmentThe ideas are adapted from ACS Guidelines for development of transferable skills.
Special training designed for all students
In this modality, we should select the minimum knowledge and skills that all students must know, if we will make this special training as a compulsory training for all students. We can design one or several trainings. If we created several trainings, one example of the training is training on safety, security and dual use chemicals for all students before they could enter laboratory works.
Using existing courses
We can use an example, i.e. safety culture, that should be planed and implemented into all laboratory courses. Another example is about ethics, that should be incorporated into the instruction in all courses, and some aspects of ethics, eg. scientific writing and publishing, could be incorporated in Chemical Literature or Undergraduate Research Project. We could discuss more about how to incorporate Responsible Science Curriculum and GCCE into existing courses.
Developing dedicated courses
One example arisen in the workshop (10 April 2016) is a course in Universitas Negeri Malang titled "Laboratory Management". In this course, some aspects of Responsible Science Curriculum are introduced, including chemical safety and security. We could discuss some more alternative of courses, developed specifically to introduce responsible science.
Undergraduate research
The ACS guideline of the development of student skills says that "undergraduate research is one of the most powerful opportunities for students to learn problem-solving skills". We can discuss other knowledge and skills that can be designed to be introduce through undergraduate research.
Your ParticipationsInfluence top management, policy statement
Input for Responsible Science Curriculum
Implement Responsible Science Curriculum
Improve chemical security in your workplace
Apply for CSIG (Chemical Security Improvement Grant)
Create CSSO team (Chemical Safety & Security Officer) or similar that meet regularly(See the reference in the back for suggestion on management)
Develop and implement regular training for students before entering laboratories
Reference for AcademicsHKI has been involved in the development of 2 books translated to Bahasa Indonesia. HKI reviewed the translated version.
Keselamatan dan Keamanan Laboratorium Kimia (Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security), http://dels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/bcst/miscellaneous/Chemical_Laboratory_Safety_and_Security_IND.pdf
Keselamatan dan Keamanan Laboratorium Kimia: Panduan Penyusunan SOP (Guide for Standard Operating Procedure), http://dels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/bcst/miscellaneous/R02982--Chemicallab_Text_Indonesian.pdf
For the 1st book, resources, toolkits, flyers, etc. are available (in Bahasa Indonesia as well) at http://dels.nas.edu/global/bcst/Chemical-Management
About IndonesiaIndonesia
Population: 240 million (Thai: 67 million, Malaysia: 30 mil.)
Area (land): 1,904,569 km2 (513,120 km2, 329,847 km2)
17,508 islands (6000 are inhabited)
GDP per capita: $3,816 (Thai: $6,572, Malaysia: $12,243)
Independence: 1945 (Malaysia: 1957)
Other important information:
From petroleum exporter to petroleum importer
Economic crisis in 1998
The 2nd largest tropical rainforest (3rd tropical forest, Congo is the 2nd, Brazil is the 1st), the 2nd largest biodiversity
Indonesian Sci & TechCore innovators (15 countries, 2000):
Australia, Austria, Belgia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwand, UK, US
Global Manufacturing Competitiveness Index:
Top-10: China, Germany, US, India, South Korea, Taiwan, Canada, Brazil, Singapore, Japan
From 11-20: Thailand, Mexico, Malaysia, Poland, UK, Australia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Czech Republic, Turkey
But: Indonesian factories, Japan/Korea .. technologies
Indonesian Sci & TechCore innovators (15 countries, 2000):
Australia, Austria, Belgia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwand, UK, US
Global Manufacturing Competitiveness Index:
Top-10: China, Germany, US, India, South Korea, Taiwan, Canada, Brazil, Singapore, Japan
From 11-20: Thailand, Mexico, Malaysia, Poland, UK, Australia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Czech Republic, Turkey
But: Indonesian factories, Japan/Korea .. technologies
Kita bersyukur bahwa Indonesia berada padaposisi ke-17 dari negara-negara dengan
manufacturing competitiveness index tertinggi.
Tapi kita harus berhati-hati, jangan-jangandaya saing Indonesia dalam manufacturing inibukan karena Indonesia memiliki daya inovasiyang tinggi, tapi karena pasar yang besar, dll.
Lihar pilar ke-10 di halaman berikut.
Twelve pillars
Institutions (public, private): management, accounting & reporting standards, transparency, etc.
Infrastructure: transport, communications, etc.
Macroeconomic Environment
Health and Primary Education
Higher Education and Training
Goods market efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Financial market development
Technological readiness
Market size
Business sophistication
Innovation
Indonesian Science & Technology
Global Competitiveness Index
Factor-driven (1-4), efficiency-driven (5-10), and innovation-driven (11-12) economies
Stages: factor-driven, transition, efficiency-driven, transition, innovation-driven
Global Competitiveness Index 2012-2013:
Stage 1: Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Vietnam, Zimbabwe
Trans 1-2: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Kuwait, Philippines, Saudi
Stage 2: China, Indonesia, South Africa, Thailand
Trans 2-3: Argentina, Brazil, Hungary, Malaysia, Turkey
Stage 3: Australia, Belgia, Finlandia, Germany, UK, US
Indonesian Science & Technology
Global Competitiveness Index
Factor-driven (1-4), efficiency-driven (5-10), and innovation-driven (11-12) economies
Stages: factor-driven, transition, efficiency-driven, transition, innovation-driven
Global Competitiveness Index 2012-2013:
Stage 1: Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Vietnam, Zimbabwe
Trans 1-2: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Kuwait, Philippines, Saudi
Stage 2: China, Indonesia, South Africa, Thailand
Trans 2-3: Argentina, Brazil, Hungary, Malaysia, Turkey
Stage 3: Australia, Belgia, Finlandia, Germany, UK, US
Indonesian Science & Technology
Global Competitiveness Index
Stage pertama (factor-driven) unggulnya pada pilar ke-1 hinggake-4, dst. Negara-negara dibagi 5
kelompok: stage 1, transisi 1-2, stage 2, trans 2-3, stage 3.
Indonesia and other countries (comparison)
Indonesian Science & Technology
Research Publication
Indonesia and other countries (comparison)
Indonesian Science & Technology
Research Publication Wah, data untukIndonesia lupa digambar!
Indonesian Science & Technology
Research Publication
SCImago. (2007). SJR — SCImago Journal & Country Rank.Retrieved June 15, 2013, from http://www.scimagojr.com
Kalau kita perbesarsehingga Finlandia setinggi
US, ternyata Indonesia muncul juga.
Indonesian Science & Technology
Science Research
Perbandingan jumlah publikasi berbagaibidang dari ilmuwan Indonesia.
ChallengesHow to move from Stage 2, to 2-3 Transition, to Stage 3
Richest people in Indonesia (Forbes):
Natural resources exporters (coal, petroleum, crude palm oil, other mining industries, etc.)
Cove cigarette maker
Foods (Indomie, Garudafood)
Pharmaceutical industry (Kalbe Farma)
How to foster innovation and technological advances
How to strengthen fundamental research, and improve collaboration between fundamental and applied research
ChallengesHow to move from Stage 2, to 2-3 Transition, to Stage 3
Richest people in Indonesia (Forbes):
Natural resources exporters (coal, petroleum, crude palm oil, other mining industries, etc.)
Cove cigarette maker
Foods (Indomie, Garudafood)
Pharmaceutical industry (Kalbe Farma)
How to foster innovation and technological advances
How to strengthen fundamental research, and improve collaboration between fundamental and applied research
Dari 10 orang terkaya di Indonesia, ternyata hanya 3 yang disebabkan
usaha memeri nilai tambah (Indomie, Garudafood, Kalbe Farma).
Sisanya kaya karena mengeruk(mengambil SDA tanpa pengolahan)
dan meracuni (membuat rokok).
Climate to foster innovation(*):
Cultivates engagement and enthusiasm
Challenges people to take risks within a safe environment
Fosters learning
Encourages independent thinking
Values:
Empathy for the people, for our community, to solve their problems (our problems), to advance the quality of life
A sense of inquiry, of curiosity
Behavior: committed, hard-work, collaborate, etc.
Challenges
Culture of Innovation
(*)J. Rao, J. Weintraub, MITSloan Management Review, 2013
We have to tear down the walls between institutions
Nurture collaborations across borders
National collaborations will generate research ideas that are globally unique, based on distinctive Indonesian resources
Barrier for innovation: organizations that are too inward-facing, a country that is also too inward-looking
Challenges
Tear Down the Walls
Human capital: scientists and their expertise
Scientific information resources, eg. publications of Indonesian scientists, research in progress, etc.
Technical reports server
Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
Institutional Repositories
Etc.
Challenges
Information Resources
Editorial Forum, Singapore, 2013: chief editors of JACS, BCSJ, Nature Chemistry, Aus. J. Chem., AngewendteChemie, Chemistry Views, etc.
Chief Editor of Journal of the American Chemical Society:
“Tidak ada komunitas atau negara yang akan maju, kecualimereka mengembangkan jurnalnya sendiri”
Challenges
Scientific Journals
Activities & ProjectsIndonesian Chemistry Digital Library (ICDL)
Networked digital library of theses and dissertations on chemistry in Indonesia
ORA = Our Reference of Achievements
Bibliography database of publications of Indonesian chemists
PKI = Pustaka Kimia Indonesia
ISCSM = Indonesian Student Conference on Science and Mathematics
HAGI, HAI, HFI, HKI, IndoMS, PBI, PERMI
Current Research on Science and Mathematics in Indonesia
Scientific Information Resources on research in Indonesian higher educations (compilation of extended abstracts)
HAGI (Geophysics)
HAI (Astronomy)
HFI (Indonesian Physics Society)
HKI (Indonesian Chemical Society)
IndoMS (Indonesian Mathematical Society)
PBI (Indonesian Biological Society)
PERMI (Indonesian Society of Microbiology)
Activities & Projects
ISCSM Supported By
Host: FMIPA or FST or FPMIPA or FSM
Participants: undergraduate and postgraduate students
First speech from senior scientists in parallel sessions
Foster inter-discipline communications and collaborations
Peer-reviewed conference & tracer study of alumni
Publishing and Scientific Information Resources
Build Academic Culture and Research Atmosphere
Centralized Abstract Submission & Distributed Organizers
Expose ISCSM through citation
Provide experience to communicate with overseas students
Bilingual conference: Indonesian and English
Strengthen our national journals
Activities & Projects
ISCSM: Characteristics
Analytical Science, Instrumentation, and Devices
Earth and Space Science
Energy Science and Material Science
Indonesian Resources, Diversity, Health, and Environment
Mathematics, Computational, and Theoretical Science
Reaction Mechanisms, Catalysis, and Processes
Science and Math Education
Activities & Projects
ISCSM: Parallel Sessions
About HKI from http://www.kimiawan.org
Himpunan Kimia Indonesia (HKI) is an independent, nonprofit organization founded in February 1962 to facilitate communication among Indonesian chemists and other professionals from chemistry related fields, and to promote the advancement of science, education, and application of chemistry to support the better life of mankind
If you are a university graduate from a chemistry-related fields (chemistry, pharmacy, environmental science, chemical engineering, molecular biology, material science, etc.) or you are working in chemistry-related sectors, you are eligible to be a member of the HKI. To be a member, you can contact email anggota[at]kimiawan.org
Himpunan Kimia Indonesia
Division:
A section or a group of people in HKI that represents a scientific discipline
It should be “live longer” than a network
Eg. Division of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumentation
Next (probably): Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry, etc.
Network:
A section in HKI that represents shared concerns among several institutions; a network of units within many institutes/universities/companies that have similar concerns or similar focus
Wide range of activities from basic to applications to policies; it does not represent a scientific discipline
Eg. National Network of CSS, National Network of Food Analysis
Himpunan Kimia Indonesia
Branch, Network and Division
Annual Conferences:
International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Socie-ty(2013 Yogyakarta, 2014 Maluku, 2015 North Sumatera)
Seminar Nasional Kimia Analitik dan Instrumentasi (May 2014 Jakarta Convention Center): every 2 years
Our Reference of Achievements (http://reference.kimiawan.org) and Pustaka Kimia Indonesia (http://pustaka.kimiawan.org)
Indonesian Student Conference on Science and Mathematics (ISCSM)
In collaboraton with HAI, HAGI, HFI, IndoMS, PBI, Permi
In the future: parallel in different cities in Indonesia
To inspire 4th year undergraduate students, 2nd year master students, doctoral students
Himpunan Kimia Indonesia
Activities
Research Institutions
Universities
Industries
Himpunan Indonesia
Strengthening Collaboration
Since 2008: Sandia National Laboratories (Chemical Safety and Security)
CRDF Global:
2010: Indonesian Chem. Research Grant Competition (total 1.2 M)
2011: Proposal Writing Workshop (free for members, with flights)
2012: Paper Authorship and Proposal Writing (also with Ristek)
Join IUPAC as ANAO (2010)
Join Asian Chemical Editorial Society (ACES) in 2011, 2 journals
Chemistry: An Asian Journal (free article submission)
Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry
ACS-HKI Workshop, February 2013
Himpunan Kimia Indonesia
International Collaboration
Dengan iuran Rp 200.000 per tahun:
Potongan Rp 100rb – 200rb untuk ICICS (seminar tahunan)
Potongan 20-50% untuk berbagai pelatihan.
Untuk beberapa kegiatan dalam naungan kerjasama, anggota HKI dibebaskan biaya. Contoh di masa lalu:
Paper authorship workshop (dg. CRDF Global)
Proposal writing workshop
ACS-HKI workshop (kerjasama dengan American Chem. Soc.)
Chemical Safety and Security Workshop (Sandia National Laboratories)
Akses bebas ke ORA-PKI, HKI journals, dll.
Sebanyak 60% iuran anggota dari cabang, bisa dimintauntuk membiayai kegiatan di cabang.
Himpunan Kimia Indonesia
Benefit for Members
ConclusionsThere are many challenges for Indonesia to advance science, technology, and innovation
Professional society have roles to tear down the walls between institutions, to create good atmosphere for communication and collaboration
Improving personal and institutional competencies, as well as strengthening collaboration are required to face the challenges
Information resources (eg. database of advanced equipments, bibliography databases, etc.) should be developed to understand the current situation
International collaboration, especially with neighboring countries, should be strengthened to synergize research on science and technology
Thank you
