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Characteristic ExamplesLiving things are made up of units called cells.Living things reproduce.
Living things are based on a universal genetic code.
Living things grow and develop.
Living things obtain and use materials and energy.
Living things respond to their environment.Living things maintain a stable internal environment.
Taken as a group, living things change over time.
Many microorganisms consist of only a single cell. Animals and trees are multicellular.Maple trees reproduce sexually. A hydra can reproduce asexually by budding.Flies produce flies. Dogs produce dogs. Seeds from maple trees produce maple trees.Flies begin life as eggs, then become maggots, and then become adult flies.Plants obtain their energy from sunlight. Animals obtain their energy from the food they eat.
Leaves and stems of plants grow toward light.
Despite changes in the temperature of the environment, a robin maintains a constant body temperature.
Plants that live in the desert survive because they have become adapted to the conditions of the desert.
Section 1-3Review the Characteristics of Living
Things
Go to Section:
Classification
A. What is Classification?
1. Grouping things in a logical manner- similar things grouped together
B. Why Classify?
1. B/c scientists need an effective system to study the approximate 2.5 million known organisms
2. So that all scientists can use the same terminology for the same species.
C. How are living things classified?1. Biologists use Taxonomy- science of
classifying and giving a scientific name to organisms.
a. Binomial nomenclature- two word naming system. Each species name has two parts: Genus name and Species name, usually based on Latin or Greek; ex- dogs belong to species Canis familiaris .
1. What is a catfish?
2. What is a dandelion?
3. What is a jellyfish?
4. What is a bullfrog?
5. What is a dragonfly?
• American Coot?
• Spring Peeper?
• Brown Booby?
D. Who started all this?• Carolus Linnaeus- Swedish botanist, 18th
Century, developed two name system.
1. Before Linnaeus there was no order to taxonomy.
2. Linnaeus’s system had 7 levels of organization, each level called a taxon (taxa-pl.)
3. Linnaeus’s placed all living things in to one of two Kingdoms- Animalia or Plantae
4. Today we have 6 kingdoms
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protist
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Linnaeus’s System of Classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Great
Spaghetti
Scientific Name=
Genus and Species
Ex: Homo sapien
Rules:
1. Genus is always capitalized and species is always lower case.
2. Both are always italicized or underlined
Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda
Red fox Abert squirrel
Coral snake
Sea star
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Chordata
CLASS Mammalia
ORDER Carnivora
FAMILY Ursidae
GENUS Ursus
SPECIES Ursus arctos
Section 18-1
Classification of Ursus arctos
Go to Section:
Species name is most specific!
E. Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Only recently recognized as a separate bacteria kingdom
• Live in very extreme environments
• Have a cell wall and some use flagella for movement
• Unicellular – single celled• Prokaryote – simple cell
with no nucleus• Reproduce asexually• Can be helpful & harmful
F. Kingdom Eubacteria
• Largest of the two bacteria kingdoms & can live almost anywhere
• Have cell walls and some use flagella for movement
• Prokaryote – simple, unicellular cell with no nucleus
• Reproduce Asexually• Can be helpful & harmful
G. Kingdom Protista
• Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus
• Most reproduce asexually, some sexually
• Very diverse kingdom• Can be autotrophs
(producers) or heterotrophs (consumers)
• Can be unicellular or multicellular
• Many have cell walls• Examples: Algae,
Amoeba, Diatoms
Algae
H. Kingdom Fungi
• Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus
• Multicellular (except yeast)
• Have cell walls made of chitin
• Can reproduce asexually with spores or sexually
• Heterotrophs (consumers) – they eat!
• Important decomposers• Examples: Mushrooms,
mold, lichens
I. Kingdom Plantae
• Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus
• Multicellular• Have cell walls made of
cellulose• Autotrophs (producers) –
they carry out photosynthesis
• Reproduce sexually with pollen or asexually
J. Kingdom Animalia
• Hey! That’s You!• Eukaryote – complex
cell with a nucleus• Do not have cell walls• Multicellular• Heterotrophs
(consumers)• Reproduce sexually• Examples: insects,
fish, humans
Bay-Breasted WarblerFeeds in the middlepart of the tree
Yellow-Rumped WarblerFeeds in the lower part of the tree andat the bases of the middle branches
Cape May WarblerFeeds at the tips of branchesnear the top of the tree
Spruce tree
Section 4-2
Three Species of Warblers and Their Niches
Go to Section:
KingdomsEubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
DOMAIN EUKARYA
DOMAIN ARCHAEA
DOMAIN BACTERIA
Section 18-3
Cladogram of Six Kingdoms and Three Domains
Go to Section:
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
CELL TYPE
CELL STRUCTURES
NUMBER OF CELLS
MODE OF NUTRITION
EXAMPLES
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Prokaryote
Cell walls with peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph/ heterotroph
Strep., E- coli
Archaea Eukarya
Classification of Living Things
Section 18-3
Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains
Go to Section: Protist web site
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
CELL TYPE
CELL STRUCTURES
NUMBER OF CELLS
MODE OF NUTRITION
EXAMPLES
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Prokaryote
Cell walls with peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph/ heterotroph
Strep., E- coli
Archaea
Archaebacteria
Prokaryote
Cell walls without peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph or heterotroph
X-tremophiles
Eukarya
Classification of Living Things
Section 18-3
Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains
Go to Section: Protist web site
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
CELL TYPE
CELL STRUCTURES
NUMBER OF CELLS
MODE OF NUTRITION
EXAMPLES
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Prokaryote
Cell walls with peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph/ heterotroph
Strep., E- coli
Archaea
Archaebacteria
Prokaryote
Cell walls without peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph or heterotroph
X-tremophiles
Protista
Eukaryote
Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts
Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular
Autotroph or heterotroph
Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp
Eukarya
Classification of Living Things
Section 18-3
Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains
Go to Section: Protist web site
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
CELL TYPE
CELL STRUCTURES
NUMBER OF CELLS
MODE OF NUTRITION
EXAMPLES
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Prokaryote
Cell walls with peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph/ heterotroph
Strep., E- coli
Archaea
Archaebacteria
Prokaryote
Cell walls without peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph or heterotroph
X-tremophiles
Protista
Eukaryote
Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts
Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular
Autotroph or heterotroph
Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp
Fungi
Eukaryote
Cell walls of chitin
Most multicellular; some unicellular
Heterotroph
Mushrooms, yeasts
Eukarya
Classification of Living Things
Section 18-3
Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains
Go to Section: Protist web site
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
CELL TYPE
CELL STRUCTURES
NUMBER OF CELLS
MODE OF NUTRITION
EXAMPLES
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Prokaryote
Cell walls with peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph/ heterotroph
Strep., E- coli
Archaea
Archaebacteria
Prokaryote
Cell walls without peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph or heterotroph
X-tremophiles
Protista
Eukaryote
Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts
Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular
Autotroph or heterotroph
Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp
Fungi
Eukaryote
Cell walls of chitin
Most multicellular; some unicellular
Heterotroph
Mushrooms, yeasts
Plantae
Eukaryote
Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts
Multicellular
Autotroph
Mosses, ferns, flowering plants
Eukarya
Classification of Living Things
Section 18-3
Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains
Go to Section: Protist web site
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
CELL TYPE
CELL STRUCTURES
NUMBER OF CELLS
MODE OF NUTRITION
EXAMPLES
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Prokaryote
Cell walls with peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph/ heterotroph
Strep., E- coli
Archaea
Archaebacteria
Prokaryote
Cell walls without peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph or heterotroph
X-tremophiles
Protista
Eukaryote
Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts
Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular
Autotroph or heterotroph
Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp
Fungi
Eukaryote
Cell walls of chitin
Most multicellular; some unicellular
Heterotroph
Mushrooms, yeasts
Plantae
Eukaryote
Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts
Multicellular
Autotroph
Mosses, ferns, flowering plants
Animalia
Eukaryote
No cell walls or chloroplasts
Multicellular
Heterotroph
Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals
Eukarya
Classification of Living Things
Section 18-3
Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains
Go to Section: Protist web site
Section 18-3
Concept Map
are characterized by
such as
and differing which place them in
which coincides withwhich coincides with
which place them in which is subdivided into
Living Things
Kingdom Eubacteria
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Eukaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells
Important characteristics
Cell wall structures
Domain Eukarya
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Animalia
Go to Section:
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
The part of Earththat contains allecosystems
Community and its nonliving surroundings
Populations thatlive together in a defined area
Group of organisms of onetype that live in the same area
Biosphere
Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air
Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass
Bison herd
Section 1-3
Levels of Organization
Go to Section:
Organism
Groups ofCells
Cells
Molecules
Individual livingthing
Tissues, organs,and organ systems
Smallest functionalunit of life
Groups of atoms;smallest unit of most chemicalcompounds
Bison
Nervous tissue Nervous systemBrain
Nerve cell
Water DNA
Section 1-3
Levels of Organization continued
Go to Section:
Biotic Factors
ECOSYSTEM
Abiotic Factors
Section 4-2
Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Go to Section:
