Food gives living things the energy they need to

Live Grow Reproduce

Chemical energy and food

Our cells can use proteins, fats, or sugars for food

A Calorie (1000 calories) measures the heat energy released when food is digested.

The first step to release the energy in food is glycolysis

Lyse: to cutGlyco: sugar

This process releases energy by:

Breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of Oxygen

It turns food into energy in small steps.

A 6-Carbon glucose is broken in half, making two 3-C pyruvic acids

2 ATP are made 2 NADH are made

(e- carrier) Happens in the

cytoplasm. After glycolysis,

the pyruvic acid can take 1 of 3 different paths

1 glucose becomes 2 pyruvic acids

When Oxygen is NOT present, the process is called anaerobic.

Type 1:Alcoholic Fermentation:

Pyruvic acid + NADH alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

CO2 gas helps bread to rise when yeast ferments.

yeast #1 Fermentation

Pyruvic acid + NADH lactic acid + NAD+

Happens in muscles during rapid exercise, when they can’t get enough O2. Causes pain or cramps.

LAF in single celled procaryotes make foods like cheese, yogurt, sour cream, and pickles

type 2: Lactic acid fermentation

# 3: in the presence of O2, pyruvic acid moves into a mitochondrion to begin aerobic respiration.