Computer Architecture. Computer Organization. Difference
between them. Structure and function of computer.
Slide 3
Definition: Computer Architecture refer to those attributes
that are visible to a programmer. Or Those attributer that have a
direct effect on the logical execution of a program.
Slide 4
Attributes like: Instruction set. Number of bits used to
represent data. I/O mechanisms Addressing techniques.
Slide 5
Organization refers to operational units and their
interconnections that realize the architectural specifications.
(Organization is how features are implemented).
Slide 6
Attributes are hardware details transparent to programmers
Control signals. Interface between computer and peripherals. Memory
technology.
Slide 7
Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer
Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O
mechanisms, addressing techniques. e.g. Is there a multiply
instruction? Organization is how features are implemented Control
signals, interfaces, memory technology. e.g. Is there a hardware
multiply unit or it is perform by repeated addition? Example :
IBM/370 architecture different models (organizations)
Slide 8
All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture The IBM
System/370 family share the same basic architecture Organization
differs within members of the same family, e.g. floating point
numerical co-processors with names like 8087, 80287 and 80387. With
very few exceptions, the 80486 and subsequent x86 processors then
integrated this x87 functionality on chip.
Slide 9
Computer is a complex system then how can we design/describe
it? Hierarchic system: A set of interrelated subsystems, each
subsystem hierarchic in structure until some lowest level of
elementary subsystems is reached At each level of the system, the
designer is concerned with structure and function.
Slide 10
Structure is the way in which components relate to each other.
Function is the operation of individual components as part of the
structure
Slide 11
There are four basic computer function: Data processing Data
storage Data movement Control
Slide 12
Slide 13
Data movement Example from keyboard or mouse to the screen
Slide 14
Storage Example save data to a disk
Slide 15
Processing from/to storage Example updating bank statement
Slide 16
Processing from storage to I/O Example printing a bank
statement
Slide 17
Four main structural components CPU Main Memory I/O Devices
System Interconnection
Slide 18
Main Memory Input Output computer Peripherals Communication
Lines computer Central processing unit System Interconnection
Slide 19
I/O CPU computer Registers Control unit CPU Memory System bus
Internal CPU interconnection Arithmetic and logic unit
Slide 20
ALU Control unit CPU Sequencing logic Control memory Registers
Control unit Internal bus Control unit registers and decoders