Chapter History Test

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Foundations of Therapeutic Applications of Touch

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. As a professional, Jesse adheres to:

a. a professional status.b. certain methods and standards.

c. a professional character.d. all of the above.

2. Therapeutic touch is:a. a type of service.

b. a product the professional sells.

c. not geared toward a specific outcome.

d. a and c.

3. Traci is using therapeutic, professional touch, which requires:a. identifying patterns.

b. being able to see both the individual segments or pieces.c. seeing how pieces of a whole interact.

d. all of the above.

4. Jonah’s client begins coming for massage therapy weekly after the death of her husband.Jonah’s use of therapeutic application of touch pertains to:

a. ritual.

b. verbal communication.c. eroticism.

d. healing or curative powers.

5. The word “massage” is derived from:

a. the Latin root massa.

b. the Greek roots massein and masso.

c. the Arabic root mass or mass’h.


6. As Eliot gets to know his client, he remains aware of the fact that the skin:

a. receives projected sensation from internal visceral structures.

b. cannot affect the autonomic nervous system, whose homeostasis is protected from

skin stimulation.c. can reflect visceral conditions but not emotions.


7. Andie would like to convey her feelings to Imani through touch. She should be aware thatall of the following are true except :

a. touch as a communication tool helps cut through the potential for

misunderstanding that speech presents.b. touch is a more emotionally powerful form of communication than speech.

c. touch communication is more ambiguous than speech.

d. touch enters an individual’s area of personal space.



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8. A sense of appropriate, comfortable personal space is:a. simply a matter of gender.

b. not taught by social learning but is natural.

c. usually smaller for women than it is for men.

d. a and c.

9. The interpretation of touch is:

a. influenced by culture and subculture.b. always erotic in some context but is to be ignored in the professional setting.

c. static over age changes and life cycle.

d. inappropriate in a spiritual setting.

10. Spiritual touch:

a. is never appropriate.

b. is separate from organic healing of the body.

c. can involve body, mind, and spirit.d. a and b.

11. Jeff’s client is ticklish. The ticklish client:

a. should always be massaged with a deeper pressure to avoid a tickling sensation.

b. should receive a gentle, sensitive explanation that therapeutic touch is not erotic.c. should have each therapeutic touch explained ahead of time.

d. may enjoy light stroking if they can relax.

12. Veda and her client have disagreed over what time the appointment was supposed to be.Each is convinced she is right, and each is highly irritated with the other. “Well,” the

client says, “we might as well get on with the massage.” But Veda is still frustrated. Vedashould:

a. get on with the massage so no further time is wasted for either her or the client.b. Use a slightly firmer technique than usual to release her anger while still giving a

good massage.

c. wait a moment until she and the client are both feeling less unhappy.d. Cancel the appointment and leave immediately; once an angry energy enters the

relationship, it is risky to continue a professional course with this client.

13. Mickey experiences unexpected erotic feelings while massaging a particular client. The

appropriate response for Mickey is to:

a. stop the massage, giving a polite excuse for needing to leave — then find areplacement massage therapist, telling the client that the new therapist is better.b. not express these feelings to the client.

c. meet with the client later — and only outside the therapeutic setting to ask if these

feelings are returned. If so, they can be mutually expressed in the context of therapy — but only if it is truly mutual.

d. b and c.

14. The more emotionally or physically charged a body area is, the more the person touchedin that area may feel:



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a. insecure or threatened.

b. emotionally connected and intimate.c. aroused.

d. any of the above.

15. The areas considered to be “no-touch zones” in most societies are: a. the anus, genitals, mouth, and feet.

b. mouth, ears, nose, anus and genitals.

c. anus, genitals, breasts and backs of the thighs.d. hands, feet, anus, genitals, and mouth.

ANS: BREF: 8

DIF: 2

16. Melanie is using massage to increase the range of motion in a client’s shoulder. This is an

example of:a. practical touch.

b. expressive touch.c. mechanical touch.

d. working touch.

ANS: C

REF: 8

DIF: 2

17. According to the Eastern chakra system, the chakra that concerns the reflection of the

total or essential self is the:a. fourth, or heart, chakra.

b. fifth, or throat, chakra.c. sixth, or brow, chakra.

d. seventh, or crown chakra.

ANS: C

REF: 8

DIF: 2

18. The intention of professional touch projects specifically from the _____ chakras, which

support nonjudgmental love and respect for each person’s expression of the sense of self and the sacred.a. first through fourth

b. third through fifth

c. fourth through seventhd. fifth through seventh

ANS: C

REF: 9DIF: 3



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19. Interacting professionally with the _____ chakra requires extensive training in mentalhealth.

a. seventh

b. sixth

c. fifthd. fourth

ANS: BREF: 9

DIF: 2

20. As a student, it is important for you to remember that when you consult an instructor

about a client’s situation and ask for recommendations:

a. the instructor’s touch is no more right than the student’s.

b. the instructor’s touch will be superior, so it is perfectly natural for the client to

begin to request or prefer the instructor; this should not be taken personally.c. the student has violated the client’s privacy by inviting the instructor’s input.

d. the student avoids violating client privacy by not letting either the client or the

instructor know the other’s identity.

ANS: AREF: 10

DIF: 3

21. Massage came to the Romans from the:a. Chinese.

b. Mayans.c. Greeks.

d. Middle Ages.

ANS: C

REF: 15DIF: 1

22. Swedish massage is based on the use of:a. active and passive movements.

b. physical manipulation of the muscles, mimicking the positions and movements of

gymnastics.c. knowledge of the circulation of the blood and lymph.d. all of the above.

ANS: DREF: 15

DIF: 2

23. Ling divided movements into:a. exercise, resistive exercise, and range of motion and stretching.



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b. exercise, gymnast-directed positions, and movements in opposition to one

another.c. active, passive, and duplicated.

d. a and c are both correct.

ANS: DREF: 15-16

DIF: 3

24. In 1916, part of Dr. James B. Mennell’s claim to fame was that he demonstrated thatmassage exerted a mechanical effect by mechanical stimulation of the:

a. lungs, small intestine, and kidneys.b. liver, gall bladder, small intestine, and colon.

c. liver, small intestine, and bowel.

d. stomach, small intestine, and colon.

ANS: DREF: 19

DIF: 1

25. During the 1970s and 1980s, _____ received more attention than any other bodywork

method.a. Swedish massage

b. acupressure

c. exercise and the physical fitness movement

d. hydrotherapy

ANS: BREF: 20

DIF: 2

26. Swedish massage came to us after its validation in the medical community, thanks to:

a. Ling.b. Freud.

c. Kellogg.

d. Metzger.

ANS: D

REF: 16DIF: 1

27. Factors that have helped massage to flourish historically include:

a. using standardized terminology.b. the development of profit-oriented schools and educators, which brought a new

tone of professionalism to the field.

c. the involvement of the Church.

d. new claims and admissions by practitioners of massage that they were truly

“healers.”



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ANS: AREF: 16

DIF: 2

28. Theo’s therapy sessions include the use of concepts like prana, chakras, and energybalance. Theo practices:

a. Native American touch.

b. Chinese acupuncture.c. hatha yoga.

d. Chinese Tui-na.

ANS: C

REF: 14

DIF: 1

29. Sister Kenny:a. founded psychotherapeutic body techniques.

b. developed the Trager system.c. wrote the first major book on proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation.

d. used massage in the treatment of polio.

ANS: D

REF: 19

DIF: 1

30. Elizabeth Dicke developed _____ :

a. massage as an aid to postsurgical recovery.b. Swedish movements as used in the United States.

c. the classic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation.d. connective tissue massage.

ANS: DREF: 19

DIF: 1

31. A female massage therapist is moving to a small city adjacent to a large military base.

She has 12 years of experience, is 38 years old, medium height and slightly overweight,

but otherwise fit. Previously she worked in an exclusive day spa with primarily anaffluent client base. What would seem to be the biggest challenge to her adjusting to thenew environment?

a. Culture — diversity

b. Culture — economicc. Age — too old

d. Gender — female

ANS: BREF: Entire Chapter



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DIF: 3

32. A massage practitioner is very proficient at physical assessment and treatment plan

development if the outcome goals of the massage are targeted to some sort of increase in

physical performance — such as increases in range of motion or postural normalization.

When clients have these types of goals the massage practitioner has a very good retentionrate for client’s booking repeat sessions. However, when the goal for the massage is more

general and based around relaxation, the massage therapist does not observe the same

retention rate. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this situation?a. The massage professional naturally displays expressive touch.

b. The massage professional is unable to manage erotic feelings.

c. The massage professional is most comfortable with mechanical touch.d. The massage professional is dealing with issues of hostile touch.

ANS: C

REF: Entire Chapter

DIF: 3

33. A client complains of chronic pain in the lower back. This is what type of charting data?a. Analysis

b. Subjective

c. Objectived. Progressive

ANS: B

REF: Entire ChapterDIF: 3

34. Energy fields or centers of consciousness within the body are called:

a. spirals.b. chakras.

c. motor points.

d. trigger points.

ANS: B

REF: 8DIF: 1

35. The arts, beliefs, customs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thoughtcreated by a specific group of people at a particular time are called:a. culture.

b. society.

c. government.d. tribe.

ANS: A

REF: 4DIF: 1



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36. Touch applied to support and convey awareness and empathy for the client as a wholewould be called:

a. palliative touch.

b. energetic touch.

c. expressive touch.d. awareness touch.

ANS: CREF: 8

DIF: 1

37. A specific type of massage that enhances lymphatic flow is:

a. lymphedema therapy.

b. lymphoma massage.

c. lymphatic drainage.

d. myolymphatic release.

ANS: CREF: 19

DIF: 1

38. Touch applied with the intent of achieving a specific anatomic or physiologic outcome is

called:

a. energetic touch.

b. mechanical touch.c. emotional touch.

d. cardiovascular touch.

ANS: BREF: 8

DIF: 1

39. A recent graduate from massage school is looking to get a job doing massage to earn

money to go on to chiropractic school. She feels that massage school was a great

preparation for the chiropractic studies. Which of the following statements best describesthis situation?

a. Since she will be studying to be a chiropractor, she will not be practicing

professional touch while she does massage.b. She does not have to be as concerned about the therapeutic application of touch.c. She is pursuing a career track that requires presenting oneself as a professional.

d. While working at the massage job, she will not be involved in occupational

standards.

ANS: C

REF: 2

DIF: 2



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40. Massage application involves all of the following except:

a. the anatomy and physiology of touch sensation.b. nurturing the survival aspect of touch.

c. consistent and reliable responses to touch.

d. accepting the communication aspect of touch.

ANS: C

REF: 3

DIF: 2

41. A massage practitioner has had an intense argument with his spouse just before leaving

for work. The issue was not resolved, and he continues to be upset as he begins to work on the first client of the day. He is presenting a professional attitude and is constantly

putting the personal issue in the back of his mind so that he can concentrate on the

client’s needs. The client asks in the middle of the massage if the massage practitioner is

okay. What is the reason the client is asking this?

a. He has been talking about the morning argument during the massage.b. Touch is a communication method that can convey subconscious impressions.

c. The touch of the massage professional is inappropriately intimate.d. The client is projecting his or her own discomfort to the massage practitioner.

ANS: BREF: 4

DIF: 3

42. A massage therapist has moved from an urban environment to a rural environment. Of the following, which would be the most influential in establishing a new client base?

a. Cultureb. Gender

c. Aged. Spirituality

ANS: AREF: 5

DIF: 2



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43. A massage practitioner is adjusting to an ethnically diverse client base on a cruise ship.

She is asking the supervisor to explain what the various populations will want when theyreceive massage. What is wrong with this approach?

a. It is very important to consider gender and age when establishing rapport with the

clients.

b. She should be inquiring about the gender differences, not the cultural differences.c. This approach is not wrong since individuals within a group respond similarly.

d. Generalization is not helpful when working with individuals, regardless of

culture.

ANS: D

REF: 6DIF: 2

44. A client is describing a massage he received while on vacation. The client was not

comfortable during the massage but could not identify why. The massage therapist who

gave the massage at the vacation resort had a strong personality and was quite insistentthat the way he performed massage was the most correct method. What is the most likely

reason that the client was not comfortable?a. The touch seemed aggressive.

b. The touch seemed erotic.

c. The touch seemed spiritual.d. The touch seemed nurturing.

ANS: A

REF: 6DIF: 3

45. A massage therapist notices that he consistently feels unsettled when working with clients

who have been in severe accidents. The massage therapist’s father was injured in a work -related accident. What is being described?

a. Culture

b. Genetic predispositionc. Life events

d. Subculture

ANS: C

REF: 7

DIF: 2



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46. A client requests that the massage therapist avoid the following areas during the massage:

chest and abdomen. Which of the following best explains this?a. These areas are high in touch sensitivity.

b. These areas are mechanically addressed.

c. This is the area of the 6th chakra.

d. These areas are aspects of diversity.

ANS: A

REF: 8DIF: 2

47. When considering the consciousness levels of the chakra systems and touch, a massagetherapist notices during assessment that the client places her hands over the third/navel

chakra area. Which of the following statements would be most correct?

a. The client may be concerned about survival issues.

b. The client is reflecting an increase in the essential self.

c. The client has transcended the lower charkas.d. The client may be reinforcing individual power and control.

ANS: D

REF: 8

DIF: 2

48. A massage student is very interested in the history of massage, especially the relationship

to current events. The student has noticed the there has been a dramatic increase in the

number of massage schools in her city. Which area of history most correlates?a. Middle ages

b. Massage expanding to the United Statesc. The massage scandals of the 1800s

d. The influence of women in the 1900s

ANS: C

REF: 16DIF: 2

49. Which of the following contributes most to the revival of massage in the 1960s?a. Humanistic movement

b. Increase in professional massage associations

c. Acceptance of the medical communityd. Conclusive endorphin research

ANS: A

REF: 19DIF: 2



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50. Touch as a part of healing interventions:

a. developed from multiple cultures.b. is based solely on Chinese folk medicine.

c. was first written about 2000 years ago.

d. did not become popular with physicians until the 1400s.

51. Professional forms of appropriate touch include:

a. socially stereotyped touch and aggressive touch.

b. erotic touch and inadvertent touch.c. touch technique and hostile touch.

d. touch technique and touch that communicates information.

52. The communication of touch is most affected by which of the following?

a. Age and professional attire

b. Culture and life events

c. Methodology and gender

d. Spirituality and training

53. Hippocrates, a Greek physician:a. endorsed the use of massage for all health conditions.

b. recommended that assistants, not physicians, do massage.

c. was taught massage by Galen.d. described the medical benefits of massage.

54. Per Henrik Ling:

a. used French terms to describe massage methods.b. used many medical terms to describe his work.

c. combined strokes and gymnastic movements in his work.d. was readily accepted by the medical community.

55. The massage scandals of 1894:

a. exposed an inconsistent system of education.

b. did not pertain to private physicians who trained therapists.c. were not caused by improper school recruitment tactics.

d. dealt only with illicit massage.

56. Current historians give credit to:

a. the Germans for promoting and teaching massage to the blind.

b. Albert Hoffa’s writings on classical massage techniques. c. Sister Kenny for connective tissue work.d. Elizabeth Dicke and Maria Ebner for the use of massage in the treatment of polio.

57. The development of manual lymphatic drainage is credited to:a. Louise K. Despard

b. Emil Vodder

c. Mary McMillan

d. Max Bohm



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58. One of the most influential massage researchers of current times is:

a. Ronald Melzack b. Dorothy Voss

c. David Palmer

d. Dr. Tiffany Field

59. Future trends suggest that the massage profession is changing in which of the following

ways?

a. Professional massage is becoming more sophisticated, requiring increasededucation.

b. The rate of acceptance for massage is slow but steady.

c. Massage professionals will work primarily outside the health care environment.d. Multiple employment opportunities within the service/wellness area of massage

will decrease, and jobs in managed health care will increase.

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