[June 2004, P2, Q4]Fig. 4.1 is an electron micrograph of a mesophyll cell from a leaf.

Fig. 4.1

(a) Calculate the magnification of Fig. 4.1. Show your working and express your answer tothe nearest whole number.

Answer x………………………………[2]

(b) Identify, by using the letters A to F, a part of the cell shown in Fig. 4.1 where the

following substances are located.chlorophyllcelluloseDNA phospholipid

[4]

(c) State three ways in which the structure of a red blood cell differs from the structure of the cell shown in Fig. 4.1.

[3]

[Total: 9]

[Nov 2006, P2, Q2]Fig. 2.1 shows a transverse section of a root nodule of a legume. Fig. 2.2 is a drawing of a cell from the centre of the nodule made from an electron micrograph.

(a) Name three structures that are present in cells in the cortex of the root that are not present in bacterial cells.

[3]

(b) Explain the advantages of studying cell structure with an electron microscope rather than

with a light microscope.

4[Total: 5]

[June 2007, P2, Q1]Fig. 1.1 is a drawing made from an electron micrograph of a cell from the ciliated epithelium of the bronchus.

Fig. 1.1

(a) Complete the table below by writing the appropriate letter from Fig. 1.1 to indicate the structure that carries out each of the functions listed. The first one has been completed for you.

Function structure

facilitated diffusion of glucose B

creates a current to move mucus

aerobic respiration

makes ribosomes

a site of transcription

packages proteins into lysosomes[5]

[Total: 5]

[Nov 2007, P2, Q1]Fig. 1.1 shows a bacterial cell dividing by binary fission.

Fig. 1.1

(a) With reference to Fig. 1.1, state three structural features of prokaryotic cells that are not

shown by eukaryotic cells.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………[3]

[Total: 3]

[June 2008, P2, Q2]Fig. 2.1 is an electron micrograph of part of an animal cell. A centriole is labelled.

Fig. 2.1

(a) Name the structures labelled A to C.

ABC

[3]

(b) Describe the roles of centrioles in animal cells.

[3]

(c) Explain why it is possible to see the internal membranes of a cell in electron micrographs, such as Fig. 2.1, but it is not possible to see them when using the light microscope.

[3]

[Total: 9]

[June 2009, P2.v1, Q1]Fig. 1.1 shows the outline of a ciliated cell from the human gas exchange system.

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) Inside the ciliated cell in Fig. 1.1, draw the nuclear envelope and a mitochondrion as they would be seen with an electron microscope.

Label these structures.

[3]

(ii) Calculate the magnification of the ciliated cell in Fig. 1.1.

Show your working and express your answer to the nearest whole number.

magnification = ………………………………[2]

[Total: 5]

[June 2009, P2.v2, Q1]Many of the cells in the pancreas produce enzymes. Golgi bodies in the cells produce secretory vesicles full of enzymes which are released at the cell surface by exocytosis.

Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of an enzyme-producing cell from the pancreas. The diagram is not complete.

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) Complete Fig. 1.1 by drawing in the following:

a Golgi body forming secretory vesicles

a secretory vesicle releasing its contents by exocytosis in the region labelled X [3]

(ii) Calculate the actual diameter of the nucleus of the pancreatic cell. Show your working and express your answer to the nearest micrometre.

Answer = ………………………………[2]

[Total: 5]

[June 2010, P22, Q1]Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of an electron micrograph of a plant cell.Fig. 1.2 is a diagram of an electron micrograph of an animal cell.Both diagrams are incomplete.

Fig. 1.1

Fig. 1.2

(a) Explain how Fig. 1.1 can be identified as a plant cell.

[2]

[Total: 10]

[June 2010, P23, Q1]Fig. 1.1 shows part of an animal cell viewed with an electron microscope.

Fig. 1.1

(b) Name the structures A to C.A * B * C *

[3]

(c) (i) State the function of structure C.*

[1]

(ii) Explain why structure C cannot be seen using a light microscope.*

[2]

(d) Suggest one disadvantage of the electron microscope compared to the light microscope for the study of cells.*

[1]

(e) Calculate the magnification of the image in Fig. 1.1.

Show your working and give your answer to the nearest whole number.*

Answer = ………………………………[2]

[Total: 9]