CHAPTER 9 | KEY ISSUE 3THURS . OCT. 30

Development

Current Events Discussion

Group of 3-4 people1 minute sharing:

Summary of article Important people/events Location Connection to development

1 minute clarifying: Questions about article/source Unclear information

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 30

OBJECTIVE: Recommend a path to development for an LDC, based on an abundant, low-cost energy source

VOCABULARY: Coal, petroleum, natural gasOPECReservesAlternative Energy

FOSSIL FUELS

73 COALfossil fuel formed from decomposition of organic materialsEx: MDCs and LDCs each have ½ of reserves; USA has ¼ of MDCs

74 PETROLEUMfossil fuel formed from sea plants/animals buried under seafloorEx: LDCs have 85% of reserves

75 NATURAL GASfossil fuel formed from layers of buried plants, animals, gasesEx: LDCs have 90% of reserves, MDCs < 10% (mostly USA)

FOSSIL FUELS

78 RESERVESdeposits (storage) of energy resourcesEx: proven (discovered) or potential (undiscovered or inefficient)

82 ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES (OPEC)

group of oil-rich LDCs that united to take control of their oil fields and prices from big oil companies (1960s)Ex: SW Asia and N Africa Algeria, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

83 ALTERNATIVE ENERGYalternatives to fossil fuelsEx: solar, hydroelectric, wind (renewable)

85 SOLAR ENERGYenergy captured from the sun’s raysEx: active (device) or passive (no device) – cheap for LDCs

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

86 PASSIVE SOLAR ENERGYcollect energy without using a deviceEx: South-facing windows; dark clothing absorbing heat

87 ACTIVE SOLAR ENERGYcollect energy using a deviceEx: solar panels (photovoltaic cells)

88 PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLSmade from silicon to collect solar rays and generate electricityEx: solar panels good for remote villages in LDCs

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

89 WIND ENERGYconverts wind into energy using a turbineEx: ND, TX, KS, SD, MT

90 NUCLEAR POWERconvert energy released from fission (splitting) of atomic nucleiEx: MDCs produce 2/3 (N America and Europe)

94 BREEDER REACTORnuclear power plant that turns uranium into plutoniumEx: none in USA due to danger of accidents and lethal waste can be used to make plutonium for bombs (i.e. Iran)

SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR DEVELOPING AN LDC

In order for LDCs to develop, they need to increase access to cost-effective, sustainable forms of energy.

Choose an LDC from the list below. Then, determine which form of energy would best help them develop.• Afghanistan

• Pakistan• Bangladesh

• Sudan• Mali• Somalia• Yemen

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

GOAL 6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water

and sanitation for all

GOAL 7 Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and

modern energy for all

GOAL 13 Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

GOAL 14 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine

resources for sustainable development

GOAL 15 Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial

ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combatdesertification, and halt and reverse land degradation andhalt biodiversity loss

HOMEWORK

Read p. 328 – 331Answer KI 4 questions 1-4Complete vocabulary as you go

52. Self-sufficiency model53. International trade model54. World Trade Organization (WTO)

24. Rostow’s Stages of Growth Model25. Traditional Society26. Preconditions for takeoff (or transitional stage)27. Takeoff stage28. Drive to maturity29. Age of mass consumption