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CHAPTER 9. INDIA (500 b.c.e – 500 c.e .). MAURYAN EMPIRE. CHANDRAGUPTA. First empire Efficient govt. Military expansion. PATALIPUTRA. 18 sq. mi. Largest city. GOVT. Provinces, districts Secret police. MILITARY. 700k men Expansion, power. ECONOMY. Mining, manufacturing - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CHAPTER 9INDIA (500 b.c.e – 500 c.e.)
MAURYAN EMPIRE
CHANDRAGUPTA•First empire•Efficient govt.•Military expansion
PATALIPUTRA•18 sq. mi.•Largest city
GOVT.•Provinces, districts•Secret police
MILITARY•700k men•Expansion, power
ECONOMY•Mining, manufacturing•Infrastructure •Foreign trade•State-controlled •Promote private investment
ASHOKA•Grandson•Most popular ruler•Buddhism official religion
▫Expansion
•Religious toleration
MAURYAN DECLINE•After Ashoka’s death•Logistical issues
▫Large empire
GUPTA (320-500)•Reunite India•Cultural renaissance
GUPTA •Politically, economically same as Mauryan•Smaller land, bureaucracy•Religious toleration
▫Hinduism favored▫brahmans
ART/LITERATURE•Love of life
▫Lovers embracing, musicians, dancers
•Golden age of lit.▫Religious, philosophical, drama▫Poetry, adventures▫Thieves, courtesans, beasts▫Kama Sutra”
SCIENCE•Learning stimulus•Buddhist university (Nalanda)
▫Foreigners
•1-9, “zero”▫Influences
•Math, astronomy▫Cube roots, sines, factors
MEDICINE•Hospitals – free•Animals •Sterilized wounds•Cesarean operations•Plastic surgery •Known diseases, treatments:
▫Jaundice, abcess, tumor, diarrhea, fever
•Leprosy treatment▫Unknown to west for centuries
BUDDHISM•India •Challenge Hinduism•Nonviolence•Major religion: Asia•Siddhartha Guatama•Monasticism
BELIEFS•End rebirth: Nirvana•Moral conduct and meditation•Sorrow everywhere
4 NOBLE TRUTHS1. Suffering dominates2. Why? 3. We can rid of suffering4. Follow 8 fold path to Nirvana
JAINISM
•Challenged Hinduism•India, 5th century B.C.•Mahavira
BELIEFS•Ahimsa: nonviolence•All things – jiva (soul)•No meat and wine•Hindu beliefs
▫Karma ▫Moksa
•Different path to pursue Moksa
BELIEFS•Ultimate goal:
▫Renounce world▫Wandering monk, nun
BELIEFS
•No meat and wine•Fasting•Five virtues:
▫Non-violence▫Truth▫Do not steal▫Chastity▫Worldly things
JAINISM
•Drastic beliefs