CHAPTER 9INDIA (500 b.c.e – 500 c.e.)
MAURYAN EMPIRE
CHANDRAGUPTA•First empire•Efficient govt.•Military expansion
PATALIPUTRA•18 sq. mi.•Largest city
GOVT.•Provinces, districts•Secret police
MILITARY•700k men•Expansion, power
ECONOMY•Mining, manufacturing•Infrastructure •Foreign trade•State-controlled •Promote private investment
ASHOKA•Grandson•Most popular ruler•Buddhism official religion
▫Expansion
•Religious toleration
MAURYAN DECLINE•After Ashoka’s death•Logistical issues
▫Large empire
GUPTA (320-500)•Reunite India•Cultural renaissance
GUPTA •Politically, economically same as Mauryan•Smaller land, bureaucracy•Religious toleration
▫Hinduism favored▫brahmans
ART/LITERATURE•Love of life
▫Lovers embracing, musicians, dancers
•Golden age of lit.▫Religious, philosophical, drama▫Poetry, adventures▫Thieves, courtesans, beasts▫Kama Sutra”
SCIENCE•Learning stimulus•Buddhist university (Nalanda)
▫Foreigners
•1-9, “zero”▫Influences
•Math, astronomy▫Cube roots, sines, factors
MEDICINE•Hospitals – free•Animals •Sterilized wounds•Cesarean operations•Plastic surgery •Known diseases, treatments:
▫Jaundice, abcess, tumor, diarrhea, fever
•Leprosy treatment▫Unknown to west for centuries
BUDDHISM•India •Challenge Hinduism•Nonviolence•Major religion: Asia•Siddhartha Guatama•Monasticism
BELIEFS•End rebirth: Nirvana•Moral conduct and meditation•Sorrow everywhere
4 NOBLE TRUTHS1. Suffering dominates2. Why? 3. We can rid of suffering4. Follow 8 fold path to Nirvana
JAINISM
•Challenged Hinduism•India, 5th century B.C.•Mahavira
BELIEFS•Ahimsa: nonviolence•All things – jiva (soul)•No meat and wine•Hindu beliefs
▫Karma ▫Moksa
•Different path to pursue Moksa
BELIEFS•Ultimate goal:
▫Renounce world▫Wandering monk, nun
BELIEFS
•No meat and wine•Fasting•Five virtues:
▫Non-violence▫Truth▫Do not steal▫Chastity▫Worldly things
JAINISM
•Drastic beliefs