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Poems, songs, and stories that are passed by word of mouth from one generation
to another
• Oral Traditions
The Muslim ruler of Mali whose travels made others aware of West African power
and wealth
• Mansa Musa
A king of Aksum whose religious conversion helped Christianity become a powerful influence in Eastern Africa?
• Ezana
A prosperous African kingdom that declined after A.D. 150, possibly because
its land was no longer fertile
• Kush
Which of the following does NOT describe most early African societies?
1. They were nomadic
2. They were matrilineal
3. They were religious
4. They herded, farmed, or fished
Which ancient African kingdom conquered part of Egypt and copied its
culture by building pyramids?
1. Aksum
2. Great Zimbabwe
3. Kush
4. Songhai
The two major natural regions of the Sub-Saharan Africa are the
1. Deserts and grasslands
2. Grasslands and rain forest
3. Deserts and rain forest
4. Mountains and desserts
All of the Following peoples set up trading centers along the East African
coast EXCEPT
1. Arabs
2. Ghanaians
3. Indonesians
4. Persians
Which is NOT a reason that gold mining was important in the early African
economies1. West African kingdoms
traded gold to obtain salt2. The kingdoms of East
Africa traded gold for needed salt, tools, and cloth
3. Rulers adorned themselves with gold to oversee ceremonies
4. Farmers used gold to buy more land so they could grow more crops
Linguists are experts who…
1. Trace people’s ancestors
2. Study languages3. Record oral
traditions4. Study ancient
civilizations
The center of learning in Sub-Saharan Africa in the 1300s and 1400s was
1. Alexandria
2. Great Zimbabwe
3. Mogadishu
4. Timbuktu
The strength and wealth of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai depended on…
1. The support of the powerful rulers in Egypt & Arabia
2. Large scale agriculture3. Control of the trade
routes across the Sahara4. Adapting Egyptian
culture to life in the rain forest
Aksum became a prosperous kingdom MAINLY because…
1. Trade routes from the Red Sea into Egypt & Africa passed through it.
2. It had a powerful king3. It traded gemstones &
ivory to Mediterranean kingdoms
4. Christianity became its official religion
True or False• The African region where farming is
difficult because of uncertain rainfall is called the Sahel
TRUE
True or False• The main source of information about early African society is the
writings of African kings
FALSE
Why did the need for kings arise in the expanding communities of
Ghana?
• They were needed to negotiate with foreign merchants and act as war leaders
Which powerful group most influenced Nubian peoples from
about 1500 to 700B.C.?
• The New Kingdom Egyptians
In most African societies, what did women’s work responsibilities
include?
• Bearing and raising children,
farming, and gardening
What was the major advantage of Carthage’s location?
• Its location on the northern coast of Africa gave it access to seaborne trade from countries around the Mediterranean and beyond.
How was the Ethiopian Christianity that developed under the Zagwe kings
unique?• Many central ideas were
based on the Old Testament, and many Ethiopian Christians thought they were descendants of the ancient Israelites.
During the 400s B.C., the government of Carthage changed
from a kingship to an ________run by wealthy merchant families
Oligarchy
Preliterate African people maintained a sense of identity, values, and continuity with the past through ______traditions.oral
Before Carthage was conquered by Rome, it had
its own religion that included the _________of
male children.sacrifice
Short answer
• How did Ghana build and maintain its wealth and power?
• Ghana first developed a monarchy (kingship) to negotiate w/ foreign merchants and to act as war leaders. The kings became powerful and were able to build large armies to conquer new territories. Most of their wealth came from the gold trade.
Short Answer
• Name and describe two cultural characteristics that many Africans have.
• First, family ties were important in all African communities because people identified themselves as a part of a larger kinship groups. Second, children were particularly important. Religion also played an important role and many shared similar religious ideas.
Short Answer
• In what ways did Rome influence North Africa? Name and describe at least two of these influences.
• First, N.Africa became even more urban and sophisticated that with the Carthaginians. Second, the Romans constructed great buildings in the cities, and a network of roads. Finally, the Roman’s rule was influential in the spread of Christianity.
Short Answer• Name and describe at least two features that contributed
to the wealth, power, and culture of the kingdom of Aksum.
• Location of the Aksum, being near the Red Sea influenced the wealth. The development of a thriving seaport which became a major center of long-distance trade made Aksum a prosperous Kingdom. Lastly, Aksum had great rulers like Ezana and from his rule and others, they were able to build large armies because of the profits from trade.
Short Answer
• What factors contributed to the unique cultural and trading opportunities of East Africans?
• Perhaps the most important influence was the seasonal patterns of the Indian Ocean and its monsoon winds. As sailors learned to take advantage of the winds in the Indian Ocean, eastern Africa came into contact with Arabia, Persia, and even India.