Chapter 7Chapter 7

Developing a Vast WildernessDeveloping a Vast Wilderness

““Canada”Canada”

Section 1Section 1

►The Vikings came to North America The Vikings came to North America around 1000 A.D.around 1000 A.D.

►Nearly 5 centuries later (500 years) Nearly 5 centuries later (500 years) an Italian navigator, Giovanni an Italian navigator, Giovanni Caboto, explored the North Caboto, explored the North American landed in Newfoundland American landed in Newfoundland and claimed it for England.and claimed it for England.

►England and France were the first England and France were the first two nations that tried to colonize two nations that tried to colonize Canada.Canada.

Distinction of CanadaDistinction of Canada

► Roman Catholic- FrenchRoman Catholic- French► Protestant- EnglishProtestant- English► The British government split Canada into 2 The British government split Canada into 2

provinces. provinces.

Upper Canada (Ontario)- Spoke EnglishUpper Canada (Ontario)- Spoke English

Lower Canada (Quebec)- Spoke FrenchLower Canada (Quebec)- Spoke French

Rupert’s land, which was owned by a British Rupert’s land, which was owned by a British fur-trading company, separated the two.fur-trading company, separated the two.

Continental ExpansionContinental Expansion

►Roads, canals and railroads were Roads, canals and railroads were developed to make the land of Canada developed to make the land of Canada more accessible to pioneers.more accessible to pioneers.

►1885 a railway was completed from 1885 a railway was completed from Montreal to Vancouver. Montreal to Vancouver.

►Around that time gold, copper, zinc Around that time gold, copper, zinc and silver deposits were discovered in and silver deposits were discovered in the Yukon Territory.the Yukon Territory.

Population GrowthPopulation Growth

►As the population grew Canada As the population grew Canada became more urban and industrial.became more urban and industrial.

►Most of the growth took place within Most of the growth took place within 100 miles of the U.S. border.100 miles of the U.S. border.

►Canada became an economic power in Canada became an economic power in the 20the 20thth century. century.

Canadian GovernmentCanadian Government

► In 1931 Canada was independent of Britain. In 1931 Canada was independent of Britain. ► Parliamentary Government- System where Parliamentary Government- System where

legislative and executive functions are legislative and executive functions are combined in a legislature called parliament.combined in a legislature called parliament.

► Parliament- representative lawmaking body Parliament- representative lawmaking body whose members are elected or appointed and whose members are elected or appointed and in which legislative and executive functions in which legislative and executive functions are combined.are combined.

► Symbolic head of state is still the British Symbolic head of state is still the British monarch.monarch.

Chapter 7 Section 2Chapter 7 Section 2

►Economy and Culture of Economy and Culture of CanadaCanada

Economy of CanadaEconomy of Canada

► Canada is one of the richest countries in the Canada is one of the richest countries in the world.world.

► Industries of Canada- Farming, logging, Industries of Canada- Farming, logging, mining and fishing.mining and fishing.

► The majority of Canada’s manufacturing The majority of Canada’s manufacturing companies are in southern Quebec and companies are in southern Quebec and Ontario. Ontario.

►Nearly 15% of Canadians earn their living Nearly 15% of Canadians earn their living from manufacturing. (Automobiles, steel, from manufacturing. (Automobiles, steel, household appliances and electronics). household appliances and electronics).

Service IndustriesService Industries

►This is Canada’s economic This is Canada’s economic backbone. These industries backbone. These industries provide more jobs for Canadians provide more jobs for Canadians than all other industries than all other industries combined. combined.

►Examples of industries include: Examples of industries include: finance, utilities, trade, transportation, finance, utilities, trade, transportation, tourism, communications, insurance tourism, communications, insurance and real estate. and real estate.

Cultures of CanadaCultures of Canada

►People that settled Canada- Inuit, People that settled Canada- Inuit, First Nations, French, English and First Nations, French, English and other Europeans. other Europeans.

►French and English are the official French and English are the official languages.languages.

►Christianity is the dominant religion. Christianity is the dominant religion. (Protestant and Catholic)(Protestant and Catholic)

Settling CanadaSettling Canada

►Harsh climate and transportation Harsh climate and transportation routes have affected the routes have affected the settlement patterns of Canada.settlement patterns of Canada.

►80% of all Canadians live on just 80% of all Canadians live on just 10% of the land. 10% of the land.

►Most live in urban areas along the Most live in urban areas along the southern portion of the country.southern portion of the country.

Canadian LifeCanadian Life

►Workforce = 55% men & 45% Workforce = 55% men & 45% womenwomen

►97% literacy rate in the country97% literacy rate in the country►Ice hockey, rodeo, fishing, Ice hockey, rodeo, fishing,

hunting, skiing, golf and football hunting, skiing, golf and football are some of the favorite activities.are some of the favorite activities.

Section 3Section 3

►Location, climate, different people, Location, climate, different people, settling area and local industries all settling area and local industries all account for the variety of lifestyles account for the variety of lifestyles within a sub-region.within a sub-region.

►Most large cities in the Quebec and Most large cities in the Quebec and Ontario are near the Great Lakes and Ontario are near the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River.the St. Lawrence River.

Provinces of CanadaProvinces of Canada

►Atlantic Province- Prince Edward Atlantic Province- Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia Island, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. (Logging, fishing and Newfoundland. (Logging, fishing and mining).and mining).

►Prairie Provinces- *Breadbasket* Prairie Provinces- *Breadbasket* Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. (Agriculture, minerals, Alberta. (Agriculture, minerals, oil, coal and natural gas).oil, coal and natural gas).

Provinces Cont.Provinces Cont.

►Core Provinces-*Heartland* Core Provinces-*Heartland* Quebec and Ontario. 3 out of 5 Quebec and Ontario. 3 out of 5 Canadians live here. (Agriculture, Canadians live here. (Agriculture, mining and hydroelectric power).mining and hydroelectric power).

►Pacific Provinces and Territories- Pacific Provinces and Territories- British Columbia, Yukon Territory, British Columbia, Yukon Territory, Northwest Territory and the Nunavut. Northwest Territory and the Nunavut. (Logging, fishing mining, and (Logging, fishing mining, and hydroelectric-power).hydroelectric-power).

Nova ScotiaNova Scotia

AlbertaAlberta

QuebecQuebec

OntarioOntario

British ColumbiaBritish Columbia

Most Populated CitiesMost Populated Cities

1.1. Toronto, Ontario- 5,113,419Toronto, Ontario- 5,113,419

2.2. Montreal, Quebec- 3,635,571Montreal, Quebec- 3,635,571

3.3. Vancouver, B.C.- 2,116,581Vancouver, B.C.- 2,116,581

4.4. Ottawa, Ontario- 1,130,761Ottawa, Ontario- 1,130,761

5.5. Calgary, Alberta1,079,130Calgary, Alberta1,079,130

Famous CanadiansFamous Canadians

Avril LavigneAvril Lavigne Pam AndersonPam Anderson

Shania TwainShania Twain Alanis MorissetteAlanis Morissette

Bryan AdamsBryan Adams Jim CarreyJim Carrey

Howie MandelHowie Mandel