Chapter 6 Civil Rights

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman


Chapter 6Civil Rights


Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

Roots of Suffrage: 1800-1890LO 6.1: Trace the efforts from 1800 to 1890 of African Americans and women to win the vote.

The Push for Equality, 1890-1954LO 6.2: Outline the developments in African Americans’ and women’s push for equality from 1890 to 1954.



The Civil Rights MovementLO 6.3: Analyze the civil rights movement and the effects of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The Women’s Rights MovementLO 6.4: Assess statutory and constitutional remedies for discrimination pursued and achieved by the women’s rights movement.



Other Groups Mobilize for RightsLO 6.5: Describe how other groups have mobilized in pursuit of their own civil rights.

Toward Reform: Civil Rights and Affirmative Action

LO 6.6: Evaluate the ongoing debate concerning civil rights and affirmative action.


Roots of Suffrage: 1800-1890LO 6.1: Trace the efforts from 1800 to 1890 of African Americans and women to win the vote.

• Slavery and Congress– Slave trade banned (1808)– South remains dependent upon

slave labor• Abolition and women’s

rights– Missouri Compromise (1820)– Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

• The calm before the storm– Uncle Tom’s Cabin– Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

To Learning Objectives


The Civil War and Its Aftermath: Civil Rights Laws and Constitutional Amendments

• Thirteenth Amendment: abolishes slavery

– Black codes• Fourteenth Amendment: provides

equal treatment– Equal protection clause/due process

• Fifteenth Amendment: enfranchises newly freed male slaves

– Exclusion of women

LO 6.1



Civil Rights, Congress, and the Supreme Court

• Civil Rights Act of 1875

• Jim Crow laws• Civil rights

cases (1883)• Poll tax• Grandfather

clause

LO 6.1



The Emancipation Proclamation did which of the following?

A. It freed all slaves in the union.B. It freed all slaves in the Confederate states.C. It did not actually free the slaves.D. It freed only the slaves of the “deep South”E. It freed only the slaves who opposed the

Confederate states.

LO 6.1



The Emancipation Proclamation did which of the following?

A. It freed all slaves in the union.B. It freed all slaves in the Confederate

states.C. It did not actually free the slaves.D. It freed only the slaves of the “deep South”E. It freed only the slaves who opposed the

Confederate states.

LO 6.1



The Push for Equality, (1890-1954)LO 6.2: Outline developments in African Americans’ and women’s push for equality from 1890 to 1954.

• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)• NAACP (1909)• National American Woman

Suffrage Association (1890)• National Consumers League• Nineteenth Amendment

(1920)• Test cases• Brown v. Board of

Education (1954)



The first of the “test cases” involved H.M. Sweat at the University of ____________, School of ____________.

A. Arkansas, BusinessB. Florida, BusinessC. Alabama, LawD. Texas, LawE. Oklahoma, Education

LO 6.2



The first of the “test cases” involved H.M. Sweat at the University of ____________, School of ____________.

A. Arkansas, BusinessB. Florida, BusinessC. Alabama, LawD. Texas, LawE. Oklahoma, Education

LO 6.2



The Civil Rights MovementLO 6.3: Analyze the civil rights movement and the effects of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

• Desegregation after Brown

– Resistance• Civil rights groups

– Rosa Parks• Boycotts

– Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)• Led by Martin Luther King, Jr.

– Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)• Freedom rides and sit-ins



• Civil Rights Act of 1964– Outlawed segregation in public places– Banned discrimination in employment, education,

voting– Enabled federal intervention– Created the Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission– Applied to race, creed, color, religion, national

origin, sex• Statutory remedies for race

discrimination– Education: de jure and de facto discrimination– Employment

LO 6.3The Civil Rights Act of 1964



Which of the following organizations was led by students?

A. NAACPB. SCLCC. LDFD. SNCCE. NCL

LO 6.3



Which of the following organizations was led by students?

A. NAACPB. SCLCC. LDFD. SNCCE. NCL

LO 6.3



The Women’s Rights MovementLO 6.4: Assess statutory and constitutional remedies for discrimination pursued and achieved by the women’s rights movement.

• The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan (1963)

• National Organization for Women (NOW) (1966)

• Equal Rights Amendment (1972)

– Adopted but never ratified– Roe v. Wade (1973)



The Equal Protection Clause and Constitutional Standards of Review

• Based on Fourteenth Amendment• Three different standards of review

– Strict scrutiny or heightened standard• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

– Intermediate standard• Craig v. Boren (1976)

– Minimum rationality standard• Romer v. Evens (1996)

• Statutory Remedies for sex discrimination

– Equal Pay Act of 1963– Title VII, IX

LO 6.4



Despite protecting against many types of discrimination, the Supreme Court has allowed which of the following?

A. Draft registration for males only.B. State statutory rape laws that apply only

to female victims.C. Different requirements for a child’s

acquisition of citizenship based on whether the citizen parent is a mother or a father.

D. All of the above.

LO 6.4



Despite protecting against many types of discrimination, the Supreme Court has allowed which of the following?

A. Draft registration for males only.B. State statutory rape laws that apply only

to female victims.C. Different requirements for a child’s

acquisition of citizenship based on whether the citizen parent is a mother or a father.

D. All of the above.

LO 6.4



Other Groups Mobilize for RightsLO 6.5: Describe how other groups have mobilized in pursuit oftheir own civil rights.

• Hispanic Americans• American Indians• Asian and Pacific Island

Americans• Gays and lesbians• Americans with

disabilities



Hispanic Americans

• Largest and fastest growing group in United States

• High levels of activism and rallies begin in 1960s

• United Farm Workers, National Council of La Raza

• Use of litigation by LULAC and MALDEF

LO 6.5



American Indians

• Unique status under U.S law

• Isolation and assimilation• Native American Rights

Fund (NARF) (1970)• American Indian Movement

– Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee (1971)

• Hunting, fishing, land rights• Religious freedom• Casinos

LO 6.5



Asian and Pacific Island Americans

• Pan Asian identity• History of restrictions on

immigration and employment

• Internment of Japanese Americans in World War II

• Korematsu v. U.S. (1944)• Civil Liberties Act of 1988

– Apology accepted?• Recent increased political

mobilization

LO 6.5



Gays and Lesbians

• Major gains in recent years

• Lambda Legal, Lesbian Rights Project, GLAD

• “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”• Lawrence v. Texas

(2003)• Gay marriage; a state

issue

LO 6.5



Americans with Disabilities

• Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)

• Tennessee v. Lane (2004)

• American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD)

LO 6.5



What was the first law to restrict immigration based upon nationality?

A. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882B. The Un-Civil Rights Act of 1903C. The Immigration and Sedition Act of 1876D. The Native American and First Nation Peoples

Immigration Act of 1927E. None of the Above

LO 6.5



What was the first law to restrict immigration based upon nationality?

A. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882B. The Un-Civil Rights Act of 1903C. The Immigration and Sedition Act of 1876D. The Native American and First Nation Peoples

Immigration Act of 1927E. None of the Above

LO 6.5



Toward Reform: Civil Rights and Affirmative ActionLO 6.6: Evaluate the ongoing debate concerning civil rights and affirmative action.

• What is affirmative action?• Regents of the University of

California v. Bakke (1978)• The Grutter and Gratz decisions of

2003• Where does affirmative action stand

today?– Race, gender, ethnicity, etc., can be a

factor but not the only factor in determining placement or hiring



In 1986, the elevation of __________ to Chief Justice of the Supreme Court signaled and end to advances in civil rights laws.

A. Sandra Day O’ConnorB. Antonin ScaliaC. William H. RehnquistD. Sonya SotomayorE. John Paul Stevens

LO 6.6



In 1986, the elevation of __________ to Chief Justice of the Supreme Court signaled and end to advances in civil rights laws.

A. Sandra Day O’ConnorB. Antonin ScaliaC. William H. RehnquistD. Sonya SotomayorE. John Paul Stevens

LO 6.6



Figure 6.1: What do people think about affirmative action?

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Table 6.1: What are the standards of review fashioned by the Court under the equal protection clause?

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Chapter 6 Civil Rights