The Civil Rights MovementChapter 21

Overview of Civil Rights

Video

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=overview+of+civil+rights+movement&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=CBE9120B6F785B504F5FCBE9120B6F785B504F5F

Background of Civil Rights

Constitutional Amendments13th amendment- abolish slavery14th amendment- equal protection under law 15th amendment- right to vote to all men regardless of race, religion, servitude19th amendment- right to vote to women 26th amendment- right to vote 18 year olds

Supreme Court CasesPlessey v Ferguson (1896)-separate but equal (segregation is legal if equal)

Example of school equality (DVD)Jim Crow laws

Based on a stage characterGoal: segregate racesExamples http://www.nps.gov/malu/forteachers/jim_crow_laws.htm

Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, KS (1954)Overturns Plessey

Separate is not equalSegregation is unconstitutionalhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2XHob_nVbw&feature=related

Federal vs StateWhere does the authority rest?Can the federal government control states?States in South (1950’s-60’S)

segregated societysegregated schoolsracist laws (Jim Crow)denied the right to vote (5% in Miss. 1957)traditions back to slavery era

Federal Governmentfederal laws make segregation illegalsouthern states refuse to follow federal law (constitution)Civil War 2?

Do states have the right to ignore the government?Example: new marijuana laws drinking age of 21 prayer in schools (NC Hoover)

Be prepared to make an argument

Federal vs State

Civil Disobedience vs Violence Civil Disobedience

Definition: a non-violent protest Examples: boycottsdemonstrations marchesspeecheswritingsgetting arrestedsit-ins

Civil Disobedience

Civil DisobedienceLittle Rock Central High School (1957)

School segregation illegal (Brown Decision)Schools in south still did itViolation of segregation lawsSupreme Court rules 9 African-American students have the right to enrollGovernor Orval Faubus refusesPresident Eisenhower sends US MilitaryMilitary presence entire school yearSchool closes in 1958 instead ofintegrating

This is just the beginning!

Little Rock 9-Nowhttp://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/us/2014/04/09/platon-photographer-civil-rights-little-rock-nine.cnn.html

Civil DisobedienceMartin Luther King

Civil rights leaderMinister-Montgomery, AlabamaProponent of non-violent protests http://www.thekingcenter.org/

Rosa ParksRefused to give up her seat ArrestedInitiated bus boycott

Jesse Jackson: activist for civil rightsNAACP organizationFreedom riders: help register to vote

March on Washington DC

Nonviolent protest in Washington DCPurpose: support passage of President Kennedy’s civil rights billAugust 1963-100th Anniversary of Emancipation ProclamationOver ¼ of a million peopleGathered in front of Lincoln Memorial-Why Lincoln?Overview:http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=I+Have+a+Dream+Speech+Full+Version&FORM=RESTAB#view=detail&mid=A2AC67652765F6A2ED09A2AC67652765F6A2ED09Martin Luther King “I Have A Dream”http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=I+Have+a+Dream+Speech+Full+Version&FORM=RESTAB#view=detail&mid=300F82526F098A320125300F82526F098A320125JFK on King after the speech-“He’s damn good!”

MLK’s Legacy

“I Have A Dream”

http://www.americanrhetoric.com/top100speechesall.htmlMLK Memorial

http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/22/us-king-memorial-idUSTRE77L5HJ20110822

Legislation

Civil Rights Act of 1964All citizens should have equal access to public

facilitiesRight to vote for all peopleNo discrimination in educationOutlaws job discriminationSigned by President Lyndon Johnson

Voting Rights Act of 1965Re-guarantee's the right to vote for all

Violent ProtestViolent Protest

Examples: arson murder robbery race waroverthrow the government

Malcolm XOnce member of Nation of IslamBroke away-assassinated in 1965

Black PanthersMilitant approachMost violent groupRace war

Nation of IslamLed by Elijah MuhammadCreate own nationRaces live separately

Black Power-Stokely Carmichael/use of violence, separate society

Which is better approach? WHY?

King AssassinationAssassination of Martin Luther King (1968)

Memphis, TN-Lorraine MotelShot and killed on second floor

News Footage-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmOBbxgxKvoJames Earl Ray

Assassin of KingCaptured in London, EnglandHow did he escape?Believed to be headed to South Africa-Why?Former convictCareer criminal and known racistPled guilty-99 years No trial Tried to retract his guilty plea

Questions/Issueshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0TuBG_rSGM

Ray Interview-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bZ-Vdhnno8&feature=endscreen&NR=1

King AssassinationQuestions and Problems

Encourage by attorney to take pleaRay attempts to get a trial-deniedHow did he get to Europe?Who is Raul? ( FBI Agent Wilson)Role of bar owner Lloyd JowersCivil trial-Attorney General Janet RenoRay on death bed-”I didn’t kill King”Belief of King family(1998) Atty. General awards King family $100 in

wrongful death suit (murder was a conspiracy!)Stuff they don’t want you to know-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QuXEVM-BRESimilarities of JFK, MLK, RFK assassinations

Lone gunmanNo trialAssassin’s denialAll 3 men anti Vietnam WarWho benefits?

JFK Presidency

Differences to other presidentsYoungest president elected-43 yrs old1st Catholic presidentPolitical careerNavy officer WW2Congressman-Massachusetts (1946-50)Senator (1952-1960)President (1960-63)Assassinated November 1963

Accomplishments

“Improved” relationship with USSRCuban Missile CrisisCivil Rights legislationLowered unemploymentCommitment to space explorationEstablished the Peace CorpsPresidential Ranking

http://www.nbcnews.com/id/29216774/ns/politics-white_house/t/list-presidential-rankings/#.U15AEvPD-1s

JFK PresidencyWhat America didn’t know

Womanizinghas numerous affairsJudith Exner-girlfriend of Mafia bossPam Turner-wife’s press secretaryMarilyn Monroe-Happy Birthday

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4SLSlSmW74White House internprostitutesmany, many more!

Does this matter?security issueunavailable to his staff-pool partiesSecret Service Agents quit morality

Current Presidents

JFK PresidencyHealth Issues

Back pain-injured WW2urinary infectionsabdominal painweight losscolitisintestinal problemsstomach issuesfeversdehydrationhigh cholesterolsleeplessnessSTD’s

Close to death several times in life

Addison’s Diseasedisrupted functioning of the adrenal

glandSymptoms

fatiguenausealack of energyweight lossvomitingabdominal paindarkening of skindrop in blood pressurepsychiatric symptoms

Treatable with medication4 out of every 100,000 people

JFK PresidencyMedications

procaine shots-painlomotilmetamucilparegoricphenobarbitaltestosteronetransetinepenicillintuinalvarious antibioticsback braceLSD? According to Mary Pinchot

Dr. Feelgood-Max JacobsonJFK’s personal MDunlimited accessblack bagpep pills/speed??shots-amphetamines??

No one really knows!

http://drfeelgoodbook.com/

Does this matter?

WomanizingFailing healthDrug useFatalismWillingness to take risksShould he be President?

JFK’s Fatalism

Does not expect to live more than another ten years or beyond 45-no use thinking about itEnjoy myself as much as possible with the time givenWondered how is the best method to die?Live everyday like it’s your last day on earthBelieved death was always at his door stepClose to death numerous times-child/adultFavorite poem: I Have a Rendezvous with Deathhttp://www.americanpoems.com/poets/Alan-Seeger/7700

Quote-An Unfinished Life

November 21st , 1963 (day before assassination)Dallas Morning News Ad-Accuses JFK of being a communistJFK-”We’re heading into nut country today, but Jackie, if somebody wants to shoot me from a window with a rifle, nobody can stop it, so why worry about it”

Dallas Morning News

JFK AssassinationWhat happened-November 22nd, 1963 Dallas, TX

Lee Harvey Oswald-Book Depository 3 shots, 2 hitsWhy? JFK is anti-communistZapruder Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kq1PbgeBoQ4

Oswald’s movements-explainOfficer J.D. TippettArrested-not charged

Jack Ruby-Nightclub ownerhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=jack+ruby+shoots+oswald+video&FORM=VIRE1#view=detail&mid=BC5F4183EBEB285B39FEBC5F4183EBEB285B39FE

Warren CommissionGovernment Conclusions

Chief Justice Earl WarrenLone Gunman Theory

Oswald is lone shooterBook Depository-Employee3 shots (2 hits, 1 miss) (5-6 seconds)Communist-defected to USSR (1959)Supported Cuba/CastroPossessed false IDArrested after shooting officer

Could Oswald have done it?Discovery Channel video

Conspiracy?Issues

Previous assassination attempts-all involved multiple assassinsMiami, Chicago, TampaRifle questions-3 shots in time frame-Possible?Oswald’s shooting skillsOswald’s movementsLack of CIA/Secret Service securityEyewitness testimonyZapruder film-assassination filmEd Hoffman video-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gpsDrzzGjfcGordon Arnold http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSQdnAcCbXIOthersMagic Bullet TheoryDictabelt #10-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=623JsZCgjm8 - How does Oswald get back into USA? (1962)

Conspiracy?

Roy Kellerman-CIA (Passenger seat of limo)

Kellerman testified to the Warren Commission, "I am going to say that I have, from the firecracker

report and the two other shots that I know, those were three shots. But, if President Kennedy had from all reports four wounds, Governor Connally three, there have got to be more than three shots, gentlemen”

“Magic” Bullet

Cover Up?Who? Skill to do it? Why? Ability to cover up?CIA Yes Kennedy wanted to get rid

of CIALack of trustBay of PigsCuban Missile Crisis

Yes

FBI Yes Kennedy was going to replace J. Edgar HooverBlackmail

Yes

Mafia/Mob Yes JFK, RFK end crimeFixed WV primary

Maybe

Soviets Yes Enemy/ Oswald was Soviet citizen-traitor

Yes-would USA want to blame them-WW3

Cuba Yes Revenge for Castro attemptsOswald connected

Maybe

Factions of US military Yes War in Vietnam-ending?Didn’t like JFKSoft on communism

Yes

Anti Castro Cubans Maybe Against JFK for relationship with Cuba

Doubtful

Other TheoriesRobert Kennedy

CIA-Why? Dismantle of CIABay of Pigs failureAssassination of President DeimJFK didn’t trust CIA

I'll get those CIA bastards if it's the last thing I do,” Pres. Kennedy saidMob-Jimmy Hoffa or Sam Giancana

Why? Payback for fixed WV primaryActivities of RFK-Attorney GeneralCapability?

Cuban Exiles-Why?Failure to overthrow CastroCapability?

“If the American people knew the truth about Dallas, there would be blood in the streets” (RFK)Lyndon Johnson

Castro supportersJFK’s attempts to kill CastroCapability?

“President Kennedy tried to get Castro, but Castro got Kennedy first” (LBJ)

DOES THE US REALLY WANT TO KNOW?

RFK-”If the American people knew the truth about Dallas, there would be blood in the streets.”(Dark Side of Camelot-Seymour Hersh)

Public Opinion

December, 1963- 52% believed groupJanuary, 1967-64% believed in conspiracy1992-66% believed in conspiracyRecent Poll-CBS News

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/poll-most-americans-still-think-there-was-a-jfk-cover-up/

Conspiracy

Mysterious Deaths http://www.jfk-assassination.de/articles/deaths.php

JFK Tribute http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ceQPTRxy_s 6th Floor Museumhttp://www.jfk.org/

Impact of JFK Assassination

Impact on Vietnam WarRelationship with Castro and CubaRelationship with KhrushchevLack of trust towards government