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7. CHAPTER. Dogs. History of the Dog. Probably first domesticated animal ~10,000 years ago Many dogs descended from the wolf These dogs roamed in packs Eventually found it easier to get food from humans Humans began to depend on the dog Modern dog evolved from selected breeding. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
2Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
CHAPTER
Dogs
7
3Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
History of the Dog
• Probably first domesticated animal ~10,000 years ago
• Many dogs descended from the wolf– These dogs roamed in packs – Eventually found it easier to get food from
humans– Humans began to depend on the dog – Modern dog evolved from selected breeding
4Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
History of the Dog
• Ancestors of the dog lived 40-50 million years ago. –Miacis– Small carnivorous animals that looked more
like a weasel than a dog– Lived in trees
5Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
History of the Dog
• Tomarctus– Considered the “father” of modern dogs. – Body built for speed and endurance– Was a hunter– Looked much like the modern dog: today’s
dog retains much of the Tomarctus’ anatomical features
6Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
History of the Dog
Today, 7 main groups and 155 breeds
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7 Groups of Dogs
1. The Sporting Group2. The Hound Group3. The Terrier Group4. The Working Dog Group5. The Herding Group6. The Toy Group7. The Non-Sporting Dog Group
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1-The Sporting Group• Developed to help hunters pursue game• Breeds
– Pointer– German Shorthaired Pointer– German Wirehaired Pointer– Labrador Retriever– English Setter– Irish Setter– Brittany– English Springer Spaniel– American Cocker Spaniel
9Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
2-The Hound Group• One type hunts by scent, the other sight• Breeds
– Afghan Hound– Basset Hound– Beagle– Black and Tan Coonhound– Bloodhound– Dachshund– American Foxhound– Greyhound– Norwegian Elkhound
10Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
3-The Terrier Group• Two subgroups: (1) Long-legged, large breeds
and (2) short-legged, small breeds• Breeds
– Airedale Terrier– Bedlington Terrier– Border Terrier– Bull Terrier– Dandie Dinmont Terrier– Fox Terrier– Miniature Schnauzer– Skye Terrier– Welsh Terrier
11Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
4-The Working Dog Group
• Developed to labor or work for humans• Breeds
– Alaskan Malamute– Boxer– Doberman Pinscher– Great Dane– Great Pyrenees– Standard Schnauzer– Rottweiler– Saint Bernard– Samoyed breed– Siberian Husky– Komondor
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5-The Herding Dog Group
• Developed to aid livestock herders with livestock
• Breeds– Collie– Border Collie– German Shepherd– Old English Sheepdog– Shetland Sheepdog– Welsh Corgi
13Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
6-The Toy Dog Group
• Developed as house pets and companions• Breeds
– Chihuahua– Italian Greyhound– Manchester Terrier– Pekingnese– Pug– Yorkshire Terrier– Shih Tzu
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7-The Non-sporting Dogs
• Developed as companions• Breeds
– Boston Terrier– Bulldog– Dalmatian– Lhasa Apso– Poodle
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The Miscellaneous Class
• American Kennel Club recognizes five breeds where interest exists– May compete in obedience trials, earn obedience
titles, and compete in conformation shows but not earn championship points
– Continued interest may earn entrance to regular class• Breeds
– Jack Russell Terrier– Tibetan Mastiff
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The Hybrid or “Designer” Breeds
• Produced by crossing purebred dogs of two different breeds
• Common hybrids– Schnoodle: Schnauzer and poodle– Goldendoodle: Golden retriever and poodle– Labradoodle: Labrador retriever and standard
poodle– Puggle: Female beagle and male pug– Poochin: Poodle and Japanese chin
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Basics of Dog Feeding
• Commercial foods are fast and convenient• Special groups need special feeding
– Pregnant and lactating females: More food, more frequently
– Puppies: Puppy food in amount for breed– Older dogs: Need protein and nutrients
• Other feeding suggestions– Hard-boil or cook eggs before feeding– Take care with bones
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Guidelines for Dog Exercise
• Avoid strenuous exercise for 2 hours after dogs have eaten large meals
• Have dogs get physical exams• Condition dogs for strenuous exercise• Be alert to signs of dogs’ fatigue
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Methods of Dog Training
• Basic training– Five basic commands starting as puppy– Rely on voice, avoid hitting or threatening
• House-training– Praise and scold appropriately– Consider paper training
• Obedience training– Start with short sessions, work longer– Use proper equipment properly
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Basics of Dog Grooming and Care
• Hair coats: Brush daily, check for mats• Bathing: Only as needed with dog soap• Nails: Trim occasionally• Ears: Clean monthly, no sharp objects• Eyes: Use eyewash solution, keep free of
irritants, rely on veterinary assistance• Teeth: Clean once or twice a week
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Infectious Dog Diseases
• Caused by pathogenic microorganisms able to invade and grow in living tissue
• Examples– Canine distemper– Infectious canine hepatitis– Leptospirosis– Canine parvovirus infection– Infectious tracheobronchitis– Rabies
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Noninfectious Dog Diseases
• Caused by physical injuries or genetic defects or are noncontagious diseases
• Examples– Heart disease– Cataracts– Glaucoma– Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)– Cherry eye– Hip dysplasia
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Fungal Dog Diseases
• Ringworm– One of most common fungal diseases– Fungal organisms in dogs and cats, soil, and
wild rodents• Systemic fungal infections
– Blastomycosis– Histoplasmosis– Coccidioidomycosis
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Internal Dog Parasites
• Roundworms• Hookworms• Whipworms• Tapeworms• Heartworms
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External Dog Parasites
• Fleas• Ticks• Lice• Mites• Chiggers
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Poisonings
• Insecticides• Plants• Household chemicals• Herbicides• Medications• Metal poisonings• Antifreeze