Chapter 4 Lifes Home: The Cell Slide 2 I.Cells Are the Working
Units of Life A.Cells are specialized to do certain jobs Slide 3
B.Review of Metric System (mmnm): 1 mm 1 um 1 nm Slide 4 1 m = 100
cm 1 cm = 10 mm 1m = 1,000 mm 1 mm = 1,000 um 1um = 1,000 nm Slide
5 C.Every form of life is a cell, or is composed of cells, and
every cell came from a cell. Slide 6 D.All cells have: plasma
membrane, Cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA) Slide 7 E.Two main
cell types differ mainly in where that DNA is kept: Comparison
1.Prokaryotic a) Before the nucleus b) Includes bacteria and
archaea c) DNA localized to a nucleoid region not in
membrane-enclosed compartments called organelles d) Small size,
usually single-celled, many dont need oxygen Slide 8 Slide 9
2.Eukaryotic a) True nucleus b) Includes all other kingdoms:
animals, plants, fungi, and protists c) DNA enclosed in membrane,
along with other organelles Eukaryotic Cell Slide 10 d)
Multicellular and single-celled, larger size, use oxygen e) Five
main components of eukaryotic cells include nucleus, organelles,
cytosol, cytoskeleton, and plasma membrane: Figure 4.3 Slide 11
Slide 12 II.Animal Cells A.Tour of Protein Production Slide 13
II.Animal Cells A.Tour of Protein Production 1. Begins in the
control center, the nucleus: a) DNA enclosed in a double-thick
membrane (nuclear envelope) b) Also contains a nucleoluslittle
nucleus c) In the nucleus, DNA is duplicated into DNA for each
daughter cell. d) Also, DNA is copied into RNA, messenger RNA,
which can exit the nucleus (through nuclear pores in the nuclear
envelope) and travel to where proteins are made, the cytoplasm
Slide 14 2.In the cytoplasm: a) mRNA head to rough endoplasmic
reticulum, a series of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae:
Figure 4.7 b) Rough ER is embedded with ribosomes c) Site where
protein is made from mRNA tape d) Can exist as free ribosomes in
cytosol e) Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus f) Protein is
processed and folded in interior of rough ER, cisternal spaces g)
Membrane of ER buds off to form balls containing proteins called
transport vesicles Slide 15 h) All the membranes of the cell form
an interconnected network (endomembrane system) i)Transport
vesicles fuse with Golgi complex, which modifies, sorts, and ships
proteins to their final destination j)This entire pathway is
demonstrated in an animation from the resources for Chapter 4,
called figure 4_05. Slide 16 Slide 17 3.ExocytosisVesicles fuse
with outer cell membrane for final export outside cell. Slide 18
II.Animal Cells B.Other Cell Structures (Section 4.5) 1.Smooth
endoplasmic reticulum, site of lipid synthesis and detoxification.
Slide 19 2.Lysosomescell recycling. Break down large molecules from
food, defective organelles, or old proteins into their monomers for
reuse (link to Tay Sachs) Lysosomes dont work in Tay Sachs disease
child dies before the age of 4-5. Slide 20 3.Mitochondria
(Endosymbiosis sidebar) extracting energy from food (mitochondria
and disease) Slide 21 Endosymbiosis primitive cells were taken in
by more complex cells, and instead of being eaten, they became part
of the cell thought to be true for chloroplasts and mitochondria
Slide 22 C.The Cytoskeleton (Section 4.6 and Figure 4.11)
1.Microfilaments (actin and movement 2.Intermediate filaments
(skeleton) 3. Microtubules (motors) 4. Cilia and flagella Slide 23
Slide 24 Cilia Slide 25 Flagella Slide 26 III.Plant Cells (Section
4.7) A.Similarities between plant and animal cells: Figure 4.15
Slide 27 B.Differences: Cell wallfunctions include structural
strength, limit water absorption, and protection. Composition is
cellulose and lignin: Slide 28 2.Central vacuolefunctions include
storing nutrients and water, involved in metabolism, retains and
degrades wastes, and some color. Slide 29 Slide 30
3.Plastidsfunctions to gather/store nutrients, pigments,
photosynthesischloroplasts: Slide 31 Chromoplasts store pigment
other than green Leukoplasts store starch ( turn black with iodine)
Slide 32 IV. Cell Communication (Section 4.8) A.Next level of
organizationfrom cells to tissues B.Plant cell connections
plasmodesmata: C. Animal cell connections gap junctions: Slide 33
Compound Light Microscope light Slide 34 Slide 35
