Modern Cell theory

a. Cells are basic unit of life.

b. All organisms are made of cells.

c. Cells come from cells.

What are Schleiden and Schwann known for?

Drawing of prokaryote eukaryote

How can you tell a prokaryote from anEukaryotic cell?

What are 3 functions of the cell nucleus?

FUNCTIONS OF NUCLEUS

1.Store genetic information

2.Regulate cell processes

3. Start the processof protein synthesis

Cell Part__Cell WallCellulose (structural carbohydrate)FunctionSupport & protectLocationOutside cell membrane

____________________________________The __cell wall ___is like a Analogy Drawing _________Because it__________________________________________________________________

________location of protein synthesis

Cell Part_____________StructureMostly phospholipids plus someProtein channels & carbs.FunctionRegulate what goes in and outLocationOutside of cytoplasm_____________________________________The Cell membrane is like a Analogy Drawing __________Because it__________________________________________________________________

-= -- = Analogy: windowScreen lets air in ei oat But not the Sags. lit t 11ttIl' .aaXfre 0-cellmembrane

Our cell membrane are complex with lots of moving parts. This allows some things to enter while keeping other things out.

Cell Part__________ Actual DrawingStructureMostly water (cytosol) & organellesFunctionSite of chemical reactionsLocationBetween cell membrane and nucleus_____________________________________The cytoplasm is like a Analogy Drawing _____________Because it_______________________________________________________________

Cell Part_______ Structure: membrane bound organellewith green granum (look like stack of pancakes) called thylakoids.

Function: use light energy, water & CO2to make sugar (energy storage molecule)

Location: in the cytoplasm of Plants and some photosynthetic organisms _____________________________________Analogy The chloroplast is like asolar collector because it converts light energy into another form of energy

Cell Part____________StructureMembrane bound sacwith folded membranes (cristae)FunctionRelease energy from glucose (sugar)LocationIn Cytoplasm of plant and animal cells_____________________________________The mitochondria is like a Analogy Drawing _power plant Because it releases energy from fuel

Cell Part_________ Actual DrawingStructureMembrane bound sac FunctionStore water, sugar, and saltLocationIn cytoplasm in plants_____________________________________The large vacuole is like a Analogy Drawing

Bottle of gatoraide because

it stores sugar salt and water

Lysosome Structure- membrane bound sacFilled with enzymesFunction-Break down Lipids carbohydrates and Proteins.Location- in the cytoplasmPicture-Analogy-

What is this process

What speeds up diffusion?

Describe the movement ofmolecules duringdiffusion.

Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semi permeable (also called selectively permeable) membrane.

Diffusion

_________diffusion through channel protein

Describe the movement of molecules duringfacilitated diffusion. Does this type of diffusion require ATP (energy molecules) to get started?

Describe the movement ofthe square molecules.

Is energy required for this type of diffusion?

What is the name of thistype of transport?

?

Organization in living things animal

Multicellular living things are organized from simple cell to complex organism.Place these in order from simplest to mostcomplex.

What is meant by cellular respiration?

brainstorm

Cellular (in cell ) Respiration (with oxygen)

Plant & animal cells use sugar & oxygen to release energy.

Cellular Respiration happens in the cell’s mitochondrion.

The mitochondria put together the reactants, oxygen & sugar,

and make the products carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen.

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absenceof oxygen.

What are the runners doing once the race is over?

Anaerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is NOT present this is referred to as fermentation.

Lactic acid formation- damages muscles

fermentation – yeast forms alcohol

Pictures from leaf to plastidsPhotosynthesis Cellular

Respiration

Function Energy captured Energy released

Location Chloroplast Mitochondria

Reactant CO2+H2OCarbon dioxide + water

C6 H12 O6 + O2Sugar + oxygen

Product C6 H12 O6 + O2Sugar + oxygen

CO2 + H2OCarbon dioxide + water

Equation 6CO2+6H2O

C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2

CO2+6H2O+ATP

energy

energy

Photosynthesis

What 2 factors limit cell size?

Cell size is limited by 2 factors:1. When a cell gets too big the DNA

gets overworked & fails this is called DNA overload.

2. Cells that are too large can not get food in and waste out and the cell dies.

As cells get larger their volume increasesand they can’t get food in and waste out effectively.

How can a cell prevent DNA overload and excessive volume from occurring while continuing to grow?

1 cell becomes 2 genetically identical cells.Making somatic or body cells.

Cells divide to reduce their volume making it easier for the DNA to controlall processes and making it easier to transport food and waste throughout the cell efficiently.

Cells gone wild!!!

Normal Cells

What is it called when cells reproduce outof control?

Cancer is caused by uncontrolled mitosis(uncontrolled cell division) due to a changein the DNA.

Malignant cancer cells can migrate to other parts of the body and spread cancerto those areas.

DNA

What does a DNA nucleotide monomer consist of?

What is this structure called?

Chromosomes are made of DNA

What is this process called.

What are the steps of DNA replication?

DNA ONLY Both RNA ONLY

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA

Relation between gene and protein.

Genes are the recipe for making proteins

When DNA is rewritten as mRNAthe process is called ________.

mRNA Decoder Wheel

mRNA Decoder Chart

3 letters of mRNA that code for an aminoacid is called a ________

In this part of protein synthesis you go fromthe language of nitrogen bases to the language of amino acids it is called ______

A gene mutation affects one gene.Chromosomal mutations affect many genes.Both can be deadly.

What can be usedto diagnose a monosomy or trysomy?

What sex is this person?

Genetic Engineering – humans changingthe genetic code.

What is this process called.

How is it done?