Chapter 3 Test Review Sheet

#1

• What functional groups are these:• -OH -COOH -C=O -NH2 -OPO3

-

• ANSWER:hydroxyl carboxyl carbonyl amino

phosphate

#1 (cont.)

• What functional groups are these?• -SH -C=O (and end) -C=O (within)

• Sulfhydryl aldehyde ketone

#2

• What are the monomers of these polymers?

• Proteins nucleic acids carbos lipids

• ANSWER: • Amino acids nucleotides

monosaccharides glycerol + 3 fatty acids

#3

• How can you tell the difference between a saturated fat, a monounsaturated fat, and a polyunsaturated fat when shown the chemical structure?

• ANSWER: saturated fat has all single bonds, unsaturated fat has at least one double bond, polyunsaturated fat has 2 or more double bonds

#4

• How are isomers related?

ANSWER: isomer=same atomic structure but different orientation

#5

• Contrast dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis: Purpose? How alike? How different?

• ANSWER:Dehydration synthesis-takes out water to join monomers

• Hydrolysis-adds water to split polymers

#6

• What suffix do sugars end in? Examples

• ANSWER: -ose• Monosaccharide – glucose, fructose• Disaccharide – sucrose, maltose• Polysaccharide – starch, glycogen

#7

• How is glycogen different than starch?How are they alike?

• ANSWER: glycogen is formed in animals and starch is formed in plants; they both are polysaccharides of glucose

#8• How is a positive test done for each?

Glucose starch fats protein

• ANSWER:• Glucose- Benedicts blue to orange-red• Starch-iodine yellow to blue-black• Fats-translucent brown paper• Protein- Biuret blue to lavender

#9

• What is the purpose of cellulose? Type of carbo?

• ANSWER: fiber• polysaccharide

#10

• What does hydrophilic and hydrophobic mean? Which best describes fats?

• ANSWER: hydrophilic (does dissolve in water) and hydrophobic (does not dissolve in water) FATS ARE HYDROPHOBIC

• -methyl group –CH3 is hydrophobic

#11

• Polypeptide and amino acid chains are synonyms for what macromolecule?

• ANSWER: protein

#12• How could you tell

the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide if shown the chemical structure?

• ANSWER:monosaccharide = 1 ring

• Disaccharide = 2 rings

#13

• How does a steroid look different chemically than other lipids?

• ANSWER: 4 rings

#14• What are the parts of a triglyceride?

How many water molecules are formed from the formation of it?

• ANSWER: 3 fatty acids + a glycerol• Three water molecules form when

they join.

#15

• Rectangle around polar end• Circle around nonpolar end

#15

• Rectangle around polar end• Circle around nonpolar end

#16

• Identify the following as • C-carbohydrate P-protein• L-lipid NA-nucleic acid• _____DNA

_____glucose• _____steroid• _____phospholipid

#16

• Identify the following as • C-carbohydrate P-protein• L-lipid NA-nucleic acid• NA DNA

C glucose• L steroid• L phospholipid

#16

• Identify the following as • C-carbohydrate P-protein• L-lipid NA-nucleic acid• _____wax• _____starch• _____ATP• _____RNA

#16

• Identify the following as • C-carbohydrate P-protein• L-lipid NA-nucleic acid• L wax• C starch• none of above ATP• NA RNA

#16

• Identify the following as • C-carbohydrate P-protein• L-lipid NA-nucleic acid• _____sucrose• _____enzymes• _____fructose• _____triglyceride

#16

• Identify the following as • C-carbohydrate P-protein• L-lipid NA-nucleic acid• C sucrose• P enzymes• C fructose• L triglyceride

#16

• Identify the following as • C-carbohydrate P-protein• L-lipid NA-nucleic acid• _____ethanol• _____formaldehyde• _____cholesterol• _____egg white

#16

• Identify the following as • C-carbohydrate P-protein• L-lipid NA-nucleic acid• C ethanol• C formaldehyde• L cholesterol• P egg white

#17

• How can you tell carbohydrates and lipids apart?

• Carbohydrates H:O• 2:1• Lipids –greater than 2:1

#18

• What is the functional group found in alcohols? What suffix denotes an alcohol?

• -OH• -ol such as ethanol, butanol

#19

• How many different amino acids are there?

• ANSWER: 20

#19 (cont.)

• How are all amino acids alike?

#19 cont.

• How are amino acids different?

#20

• What does a peptide bond connect? (what functional groups)

• ANSWER: amino acids• Peptide bonds are covalent

#21

• What is denaturation. To which macromolecule does it refer?

• ANSWER: Polypeptide chain unravels, losing their shape, and losing their function

#22

• What type of bonds form at each level:• A. between amino acids• ANSWER: peptides (covalent)

• B. to cause coiling or pleating• ANSWER: H-bonds

#22 (cont.)

• C. between cysteine and cysteine in tertiary

• ANSWER: -disulfide bridges

• D. between H-in OH and O in –COOH (tertiary)

• ANSWER: H-bonding

#22 (cont)

• Between –NH3+ and O

in ionized form of carboxyl group

ANSWER: ionic bond

#23

• What are the two possible shapes of proteins in the secondary level?

• What are the two basic shapes of proteins in the quaternary level?

• ANSWER: SECONDARY: alpha helix or beta pleated sheets

• QUATERNARY: fibrous and globular

#24

• What element besides C-H-O will you find in proteins? What functional group is this?

• ANSWER: N (nitrogen)• -amino group –NH2

#25

• Main parts of nucleotide? What elements?

• CHONP

#26

• RECOGNIZE ORGANIC MOLECULES FLASH CARDS AND QUETIONS

EXTENDED RESPONSE

• How do the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins differ?

• ANSWER: primary-sequence of AA• Secondary-helix or pleated sheets• Tertiary-folds in on itself• Quaternary-folded together two or more

subunits

• Refer to your handout of the Primary-Secondary-Tertiary-Quaternary Levels