Chapter 3

State Standards: 7.c; 8.a; 8.b; 8.d

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Matter is ANYTHING that has mass and takes up space

Matter is made from small building blocks (atoms and molecules)

Have both physical and chemical properties

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Characteristics of a substance that do not involve a chemical change

Can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity or composition.

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1. Thermal Conductivity • Rate at which a substance transfers heat• Good - Most metals• Bad – Styrofoam

2. Malleability• Ability of a substance to be rolled, pounded,

molded into shapes without breaking (flexibility or brittleness)

• Good – Aluminum (can be rolled into aluminum foil)

• Bad – Glass 4

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3. Ductility• The ability of a substance to be pulled and

made into wire.• Ex. Copper

4. Solubility• The ability of a substance to dissolve

in another substance• Ex. Cool-Aid

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5. State• The physical form in which a substance

exists• Solid, liquid, gas

6. Density• The mass per unit volume of a substance.• Ex. A bowling ball vs. a basketball

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The amount of mass in a given volume

How tightly atoms are packed in a space

Density is unique to each substance

Density = Mass (grams) Volume (cm3 or mL)

Density units are:•g/cm3 (for solids)•g/mL (for liquids)

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Density of an object is more than density of the fluid SINK

Density of an object is less than density of the fluid FLOAT

Liquids separate into layers based on their density

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A change of matter from one form/state to another without a change in chemical properties

Mostly changes of state or form

Do not create new substances

Most of the time are reversible9

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Ice cubes melting

Boiling water

Melting Crayons

Shaping clay

Dissolving sugar in water

Melting butter

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When substances undergo changes in composition

Original matter changes its identity

One or more new substances are formed

Happens on a molecular level

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Color change Presence of heat (give or absorb) Smoke Light production Cooking/baking Souring milk Ripening Mold Rust (iron reacts with oxygen)

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Picture lighting a candle with a match and observing the candle burning for a few minutes.

What physical and chemical changes did you observe?

• Wax melting• Flame • Smoke coming from the candle

(physical)(chemical)

(chemical)

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