Chapter 3
State Standards: 7.c; 8.a; 8.b; 8.d
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Matter is ANYTHING that has mass and takes up space
Matter is made from small building blocks (atoms and molecules)
Have both physical and chemical properties
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Characteristics of a substance that do not involve a chemical change
Can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity or composition.
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1. Thermal Conductivity • Rate at which a substance transfers heat• Good - Most metals• Bad – Styrofoam
2. Malleability• Ability of a substance to be rolled, pounded,
molded into shapes without breaking (flexibility or brittleness)
• Good – Aluminum (can be rolled into aluminum foil)
• Bad – Glass 4
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3. Ductility• The ability of a substance to be pulled and
made into wire.• Ex. Copper
4. Solubility• The ability of a substance to dissolve
in another substance• Ex. Cool-Aid
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5. State• The physical form in which a substance
exists• Solid, liquid, gas
6. Density• The mass per unit volume of a substance.• Ex. A bowling ball vs. a basketball
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The amount of mass in a given volume
How tightly atoms are packed in a space
Density is unique to each substance
Density = Mass (grams) Volume (cm3 or mL)
Density units are:•g/cm3 (for solids)•g/mL (for liquids)
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Density of an object is more than density of the fluid SINK
Density of an object is less than density of the fluid FLOAT
Liquids separate into layers based on their density
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A change of matter from one form/state to another without a change in chemical properties
Mostly changes of state or form
Do not create new substances
Most of the time are reversible9
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Ice cubes melting
Boiling water
Melting Crayons
Shaping clay
Dissolving sugar in water
Melting butter
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When substances undergo changes in composition
Original matter changes its identity
One or more new substances are formed
Happens on a molecular level
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Color change Presence of heat (give or absorb) Smoke Light production Cooking/baking Souring milk Ripening Mold Rust (iron reacts with oxygen)
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Picture lighting a candle with a match and observing the candle burning for a few minutes.
What physical and chemical changes did you observe?
• Wax melting• Flame • Smoke coming from the candle
(physical)(chemical)
(chemical)
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