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CHAPTER 3
Self Concept Composed of stable ideas
about who you are Multifaceted
○ We define ourselves in many ways
Partly subjective○ Based on our impression of
ourselves—difficult to judge ourselves objectively
Enduring but changeable○ Significant life events
How Self-Concept Develops Personality and Biology
Pattern of distinctive ways you tend to think and act across most situations
Nature vs. Nuture
Culture and Gender Roles
How Self-Concept Develops Reflected Appraisal
Process where a person’s self-concept is influenced by our beliefs regarding what other people think of us
Social Comparison TheoryWe compare ourselves to others around usReference Groups
Self-Concept Management Self-Monitoring
High and low—discussed in Ch. 1
Self-Fulfilling ProphecyA prediction causes people to act and
communicate in ways that make the prediction come true
Our expectations and others’ expectations influence behavior
Our expectation causes something to happen
Valuing the Self: Self-Esteem Self-Esteem
Subjective evaluation of your value and worth as a person.
BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS OF SELF-ESTEEM
Social BehaviorPositive self-esteem correlates with
outgoing social behavior How we See Ourselves and Others
People with positive self-esteem are happier with their lives—have higher emotional intelligence
PerformanceNot a major correlation for sports, school, or
work performance
oWilliam Schutz
oSelf-esteem interacts with interpersonal needs to affect our communication:
Control
Inclusion
Affection
The Self and Interpersonal NeedsThe Self and Interpersonal Needs
Image management is collaborativeOthers help us present ourselves
We manage multiple identitiesMultiple role expectations
Image management is complexCompeting goals
Image management is the process by which our behavior reflects a specific image we want to present
Image Management PrinciplesImage Management Principles
MANAGING FACE NEEDS
Erving Goffman
FaceWe each have a desired public image
FaceworkThe behaviors we use to maintain that
image.
MANAGING FACE NEEDS Face and Face Needs
Fellowship—need to have others like and accept us
Autonomy—need to avoid being imposed upon by others
Competence—need to have others respect us and acknowledge our abilities and intelligence
Face ThreatsSomething fails to fulfill one of your face needs“Saving face”—defense mechanism
Self-disclosure is the act of intentionally giving others information about ourselves that we believe to be true but we think they don’t already have.
Self-DisclosureSelf-Disclosure
Principles of Self-DisclosurePrinciples of Self-Disclosure
Self-Disclosure
Is Intentional and Truthful
Varies in Breadth and Depth
○ Social Penetration Theory
Principles of Self-Disclosure
Self-Disclosure
Varies among Relationships
Follows a Gradual Process
Online Self-disclosure Follows a Different Pattern
Self-Disclosure
Is Usually Reciprocal
Can serve many Purposes
Is influenced by Cultural and Gender Roles
Self-Disclosure Benefits
Enhancement of Relationships and Trust
Reciprocity
Emotional Release
Assistance to Others
Self-Disclosure Risks Rejection
Chance of Obligating Others
Hurt to Others
Violation of Others’ Privacy
Risks of Disclosing Online
A visual representation of the self that is composed of four parts (panes):
Open
Hidden
Blind
Unknown
The Johari WindowThe Johari Window
The Johari Window Model
The Johari WindowThe Johari Window
oA unique window exists for each person in a relationship.oDegree of self-disclosure and
receptivity to feedback in a relationship changes the window panes.
oThe panes could reflect one of four extremes.
Johari Window and Self-DisclosureJohari Window and Self-Disclosure
Turtle Extreme
Open Blind
Hidden
Unknown
Interviewer Extreme
Open Blind
Hidden
Unknown
Bull in the China Shop Extreme
Open Blind
Hidden
Unknown
“Ideal” Extreme
Open Blind
Hidden
Unknown
Australian Aboriginal Proverb
