Chapter 26 – The Urinary System

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Components & Functions of

the Urinary System

Blood Supply of the

Kidneys

Urine Flow Through the

Kidney

The Ureters, Urinary

Bladder, and Urethra

Micturition Reflex /

Aging Effects

FINAL ROUND

Topic 1:

$100 Question

Which of the following functions to conduct semen to the exterior in males?

a. ureter

b. collecting duct

c. urethra

d. papillary ductBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$100 Answer

Which of the following functions to conduct semen to the exterior in males?

a. ureter

b. collecting duct

c. urethra

d. papillary ductBACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$200 Question

Which of the following structures faces the renal cortex?

a. base of each pyramid

b. renal papillae

c. tip of each pyramid

d. renal pelvisBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$200 Answer

Which of the following structures faces the renal cortex?

a. base of each pyramid

b. renal papillae

c. tip of each pyramid

d. renal pelvisBACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$300 Question

Each kidney has roughly ____ nephrons, with a combined length of about ____.

a. 1.25 million, 85 miles

b. 0.75 million, 170 miles

c. 1.25 million, 170 miles

d. 0.75 million, 85 milesBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$300 Answer

Each kidney has roughly ____ nephrons, with a combined length of about ____.

a. 1.25 million, 85 miles

b. 0.75 million, 170 miles

c. 1.25 million, 170 miles

d. 0.75 million, 85 milesBACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$400 Question

Which of the following do not pass through the hilum and branch within the renal sinus?

a. renal blood vessels and nerves

b. lymphatic vessels

c. urethra

d. ureterBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$400 Answer

Which of the following do not pass through the hilum and branch within the renal sinus?

a. renal blood vessels and nerves

b. lymphatic vessels

c. urethra

d. ureterBACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$500 Question

On gross dissection, which of the following can be visualized?

a. The anterior surface of the left kidney is covered by the liver, hepatic flexure of the colon, and duodenum.

b. The anterior surface of the left kidney is covered by the spleen, stomach, pancreas, jejunum, and splenic flexure of the colon.

c. The medial surface of each kidney is capped by a suprarenal gland.

d. The kidneys lie between the muscles of the dorsal body wall and the visceral peritoneum in a retroperitoneal position.

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 1:

$500 Answer

On gross dissection, which of the following can be visualized?

a. The anterior surface of the left kidney is covered by the liver, hepatic flexure of the colon, and duodenum.

b. The anterior surface of the left kidney is covered by the spleen, stomach, pancreas, jejunum, and splenic flexure of the colon.

c. The medial surface of each kidney is capped by a suprarenal gland.

d. The kidneys lie between the muscles of the dorsal body wall and the visceral peritoneum in a retroperitoneal position.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$100 Question

Which of the following vessels parallel the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney and give rise to a number of interlobular arteries?

a. afferent arterioles

b. cortical radiate arteries

c. arcuate arteries

d. interlobar arteriesBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$100 Answer

Which of the following vessels parallel the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney and give rise to a number of interlobular arteries?

a. afferent arterioles

b. cortical radiate arteries

c. arcuate arteries

d. interlobar arteriesBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$200 Question

Which of the following vessels branch from each cortical radiate artery to supply individual nephrons?

a. efferent arterioles

b. segmental arteries

c. interlobular arteries

d. afferent arteriolesBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$200 Answer

Which of the following vessels branch from each cortical radiate artery to supply individual nephrons?

a. efferent arterioles

b. segmental arteries

c. interlobular arteries

d. afferent arteriolesBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$300 Question

From the glomerulus, the efferent arteriole enters which vessel(s)?

a. peritubular capillaries

b. interlobular veins

c. venules

d. renal veinBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$300 Answer

From the glomerulus, the efferent arteriole enters which vessel(s)?

a. peritubular capillaries

b. interlobular veins

c. venules

d. renal veinBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$400 Question

Which process occurs across the walls of the glomerular capillaries?

a. reabsorption

b. secretion

c. excretion

d. filtrationBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$400 Answer

Which process occurs across the walls of the glomerular capillaries?

a. reabsorption

b. secretion

c. excretion

d. filtrationBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$500 Question

Which of the following indicates the correct flow of renal circulation?

a. renal artery → cortical radiate arteries → arcuate arteries → interlobar arteries

b. arcuate arteries → cortical radiate arteries → afferent arterioles → glomerulus

c. efferent arteriole → peritubular capillaries → interlobular veins → venules → interlobar veins

d. (a) and (b)BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$500 Answer

Which of the following indicates the correct flow of renal circulation?

a. renal artery → cortical radiate arteries → arcuate arteries → interlobar arteries

b. arcuate arteries → cortical radiate arteries → afferent arterioles → glomerulus

c. efferent arteriole → peritubular capillaries → interlobular veins → venules → interlobar veins

d. (a) and (b)BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$100 Question

Which of the following nephron segments functions in the secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins?

a. papillary duct

b. connecting tubules and collecting duct

c. distal convoluted tubule

d. proximal convoluted tubuleBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$100 Answer

Which of the following nephron segments functions in the secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins?

a. papillary duct

b. connecting tubules and collecting duct

c. distal convoluted tubule

d. proximal convoluted tubuleBACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$200 Question

Mesangial cells are/do not:

a. engulf organic materials that might otherwise clog the dense layer.

b. situated between the endothelial cells of adjacent capillaries, which are encircled by the clear layer of the basal lamina.

c. regulate the diameters of the glomerular capillaries.

d. provide physical support for the glomerular capillaries.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$200 Answer

Mesangial cells are/do not:

a. engulf organic materials that might otherwise clog the dense layer.

b. situated between the endothelial cells of adjacent capillaries, which are encircled by the clear layer of the basal lamina.

c. regulate the diameters of the glomerular capillaries.

d. provide physical support for the glomerular capillaries.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$300 Question

The glomerular capillaries are ____ capillaries with pores ranging from ____.

a. discontinuous, 60-100 μm

b. fenestrated, 60-100 μm

c. fenestrated, 60-100 nm

d. discontinuous, 200-500 nmBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$300 Answer

The glomerular capillaries are ____ capillaries with pores ranging from ____.

a. discontinuous, 60-100 μm

b. fenestrated, 60-100 μm

c. fenestrated, 60-100 nm

d. discontinuous, 200-500 nmBACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$400 Question

The distal segments of the nephron are not responsible for which of the following functions?

a. secretion of more than 80% of the water in the filtrate

b. secretion of all of the useful organic substrates from the filtrate

c. secretion into the filtrate of waste products that were missed by filtration

d. (a) and (b)BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 3:

$400 Answer

The distal segments of the nephron are not responsible for which of the following functions?

a. secretion of more than 80% of the water in the filtrate

b. secretion of all of the useful organic substrates from the filtrate

c. secretion into the filtrate of waste products that were missed by filtration

d. (a) and (b)BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$500 Question

Which of the following nephron components lies almost directly opposite the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle, at its tubular pole?

a. papillary duct

b. proximal convoluted tubule

c. collecting duct

d. distal convoluted tubuleBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$500 Answer

Which of the following nephron components lies almost directly opposite the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle, at its tubular pole?

a. papillary duct

b. proximal convoluted tubule

c. collecting duct

d. distal convoluted tubuleBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$100 Question

The region surrounding the urethral opening, known as the ____ of the urinary bladder contains a muscular ____.

a. neck, internal urethral sphincter

b. trigone, internal urethral sphincter

c. neck, external urethral sphincter

d. trigone, external urethral sphincter

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 4:

$100 Answer

The region surrounding the urethral opening, known as the ____ of the urinary bladder contains a muscular ____.

a. neck, internal urethral sphincter

b. trigone, internal urethral sphincter

c. neck, external urethral sphincter

d. trigone, external urethral sphincterBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$200 Question

Which of the following urethral portions includes the short segment that penetrates the urogenital diaphragm?

a. prostatic urethra

b. membranous urethra

c. internal urethra

d. spongy urethraBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$200 Answer

Which of the following urethral portions includes the short segment that penetrates the urogenital diaphragm?

a. prostatic urethra

b. membranous urethra

c. internal urethra

d. spongy urethraBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$300 Question

Contraction of which muscle compresses the urinary bladder and expels its contents into the urethra?

a. external urethral sphincter

b. muscularis mucosae

c. internal urethral sphincter

d. detrusorBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$300 Answer

Contraction of which muscle compresses the urinary bladder and expels its contents into the urethra?

a. external urethral sphincter

b. muscularis mucosae

c. internal urethral sphincter

d. detrusorBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$400 Question

Which of the following portions of the male urethra extends from the distal border of the urogenital diaphragm to the external urethral orifice?

a. penile urethra

b. prostatic urethra

c. spongy urethra

d. membranous urethraBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$400 Answer

Which of the following portions of the male urethra extends from the distal border of the urogenital diaphragm to the external urethral orifice?

a. penile urethra

b. prostatic urethra

c. spongy urethra

d. membranous urethraBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$500 Question

Histologically, which of the following statements concerning the urethra is/are true?

a. The lamina propria is thick and elastic.

b. The epithelium changes from stratified squamous to pseudostratified columnar as one passes from the bladder neck to the external urethral orifice.

c. The mucous membrane is smooth and without folds.

d. (a) and (b)BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$500 Answer

Histologically, which of the following statements concerning the urethra is/are true?

a. The lamina propria is thick and elastic.

b. The epithelium changes from stratified squamous to pseudostratified columnar as one passes from the bladder neck to the external urethral orifice.

c. The mucous membrane is smooth and without folds.

d. (a) and (b)BACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$100 Question

The urge to urinate first develops when the urinary bladder contains approximately how much urine?

a. 100 ml

b. 200 ml

c. 400 ml

d. 500 ml BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$100 Answer

The urge to urinate first develops when the urinary bladder contains approximately how much urine?

a. 100 ml

b. 200 ml

c. 400 ml

d. 500 mlBACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$200 Question

Which of the following is not an age-related change, which occurs in the urinary system?

a. increased sensitivity to antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

b. problems with the micturition reflex

c. decline in the number of functional neurons

d. reduction in glomerular filtrationBACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 5:

$200 Answer

Which of the following is not an age-related change, which occurs in the urinary system?

a. increased sensitivity to antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

b. problems with the micturition reflex

c. decline in the number of functional neurons

d. reduction in glomerular filtrationBACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$300 Question

In the absence of ____ relaxation of the ____ urethral sphincter, reflexive relaxation of both sphincters will eventually occur as the bladder nears capacity.

a. voluntary, external

b. involuntary, internal

c. involuntary, external

d. voluntary, internalBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$300 Answer

In the absence of ____ relaxation of the ____ urethral sphincter, reflexive relaxation of both sphincters will eventually occur as the bladder nears capacity.

a. voluntary, external

b. involuntary, internal

c. involuntary, external

d. voluntary, internalBACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$400 Question

Reduction in renal blood flow results in which of the following age-related changes in the urinary system?

a. problems with the micturition reflex

b. reduction in glomerular filtration

c. a decline in the number of functional nephrons

d. a reduced sensitivity to ADHBACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 5:

$400 Answer

Reduction in renal blood flow results in which of the following age-related changes in the urinary system?

a. problems with the micturition reflex

b. reduction in glomerular filtration

c. a decline in the number of functional nephrons

d. a reduced sensitivity to ADHBACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$500 Question

The ability to control micturition is often lost after a stroke, Alzheimer’s disease or other CNS problems affecting which structures?

a. cortex or hippocampus

b. hippocampus or medulla

c. cortex or hypothalamus

d. pons or hypothalamusBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$500 Answer

The ability to control micturition is often lost after a stroke, Alzheimer’s disease or other CNS problems affecting which structures?

a. cortex or hippocampus

b. hippocampus or medulla

c. cortex or hypothalamus

d. pons or hypothalamusBACK TO GAME

FINAL ROUND Question

List the correct flow of renal circulation.

1 – Arcuate arteries

2 – Arcuate veins

3 – Interlobar veins

4 – Interlobar arteries

5 – Segmental arteries

6 – Glomerulus

a. 2-3-6-1-4-5

b. 5-1-4-6-2-3

c. 5-4-1-6-2-3

d. 5-4-1-6-3-2 BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

FINAL ROUND Answer

List the correct flow of renal circulation.

1 – Arcuate arteries

2 – Arcuate veins

3 – Interlobar veins

4 – Interlobar arteries

5 – Segmental arteries

6 – Glomerulus

a. 2-3-6-1-4-5

b. 5-1-4-6-2-3

c. 5-4-1-6-2-3

d. 5-4-1-6-3-2 BACK TO GAME