Chapter 18: The Urinary System

Prepared by Frank J. Torrano, American River College

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 18: The Urinary System

Urinary System Components and

Functions

The Nephron and Urine Formation

GFR & Ureters/ Bladder/Urethra/

Micturition

Buffering Systems/ Aging Effects/ Homeostatic Interactions

Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base

Balance

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FINAL ROUND


Urinary system synthesis of which hormone controls calcium ion concentration in the blood?

a. thyroxine

b. erythropoietin

c. calcitonin

d. calcitriol

Urinary System Components and Functions:

$100 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


Urinary system synthesis of which hormone controls calcium ion concentration in the blood?

a. thyroxine

b. erythropoietin

c. calcitonin

d. calcitriol


$100 Answer

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Ducts within each renal papilla discharge urine directly into which of the following?

a. renal pelvis

b. minor calyx

c. major calyx

d. ureter


$200 Question

ANSWER

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Ducts within each renal papilla discharge urine directly into which of the following?

a. renal pelvis

b. minor calyx

c. major calyx

d. ureter


$200 Answer

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Which of the following structures is not involved in forming a component of the filtration membrane?

a. glomerular capillary

b. capsular epithelium

c. visceral epithelium

d. basement membrane


$300 Question

ANSWER

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Which of the following structures is not involved in forming a component of the filtration membrane?

a. glomerular capillary

b. capsular epithelium

c. visceral epithelium

d. basement membrane


$300 Answer

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Which region of the nephron and kidney collecting system functions in the reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water?

a. proximal convoluted tubule

b. distal convoluted tubule

c. collecting duct

d. renal corpuscle


$400 Question

ANSWER

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Which region of the nephron and kidney collecting system functions in the reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water?

a. proximal convoluted tubule

b. distal convoluted tubule

c. collecting duct

d. renal corpuscle


$400 Answer

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Which of the following endocrine structures secretes the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin?

a. glomerulus

b. juxtaglomerular complex

c. visceral epithelium (podocytes)

d. vasa recta


$500 Question

ANSWER

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Which of the following endocrine structures secretes the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin?

a. glomerulus

b. juxtaglomerular complex

c. visceral epithelium (podocytes)

d. vasa recta


$500 Answer

BACK TO GAME


Which metabolic waste product is generated in skeletal muscle tissue through the breakdown of a high-energy compound?

a. uric acid

b. ammonia

c. urea

d. creatinine

The Nephron and Urine Formation:

$100 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


Which metabolic waste product is generated in skeletal muscle tissue through the breakdown of a high-energy compound?

a. uric acid

b. ammonia

c. urea

d. creatinine


$100 Answer

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________ is the transport of solutes from the peritubular capillaries, across the tubular epithelium, and into the filtrate.

a. Filtration

b. Secretion

c. Excretion

d. Reabsorption


$200 Question

ANSWER

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________ is the transport of solutes from the peritubular capillaries, across the tubular epithelium, and into the filtrate.

a. Filtration

b. Secretion

c. Excretion

d. Reabsorption


$200 Answer

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Reabsorption of ALL organic nutrients occurs where?

a. glomerulus

b. PCT

c. ascending limb of nephron loop

d. collecting duct


$300 Question

ANSWER

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Reabsorption of ALL organic nutrients occurs where?

a. glomerulus

b. PCT

c. ascending limb of nephron loop

d. collecting duct


$300 Answer

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Which of the following statements regarding kidney function is true?

a. Active secretion occurs primarily at the DCT.

b. Nutrient reabsorption occurs primarily at the DCT.

c. Active secretion occurs primarily at the PCT.

d. Filtration occurs at both the PCT and DCT.


$400 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


Which of the following statements regarding kidney function is true?

a. Active secretion occurs primarily at the DCT.

b. Nutrient reabsorption occurs primarily at the DCT.

c. Active secretion occurs primarily at the PCT.

d. Filtration occurs at both the PCT and DCT.


$400 Answer

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If circulating levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are low, then which of the following is true?

a. The DCT and collecting duct will be very permeable to water.

b. Little water reabsorption will occur and virtually all of the water reaching the DCT will be lost in the urine.

c. A small quantity of urine will be produced.

d. Urine with a solute concentration four to five times that of extracellular fluids will beproduced.


$500 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


If circulating levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are low, then which of the following is true?

a. The DCT and collecting duct will be very permeable to water.

b. Little water reabsorption will occur and virtually all of the water reaching the DCT will be lost in the urine.

c. A small quantity of urine will be produced.

d. Urine with a solute concentration four to five times that of extracellular fluids will be produced.


$500 Answer

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Because each kidney contains approximately six square meters of filtration surface, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) averages

a. 1250 liters/hour.

b. 12,500 liters/hour.

c. 125 milliliters/minute.

d. 125 liters/minute.

GFR & Ureters/Bladder/Urethra/Micturition:

$100 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


Because each kidney contains approximately six square meters of filtration surface, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) averages

a. 1250 liters/hour.

b. 12,500 liters/hour.

c. 125 milliliters/minute.

d. 125 liters/minute.


$100 Answer

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Regarding the micturition reflex, which neuronal fiber exits the spinal cord in a pelvic nerve and synapses on a neuron in an intramural ganglion?

a. parasympathetic preganglionic motor fiber

b. sympathetic postganglionic motor fiber

c. parasympathetic postganglionic motor fiber

d. sympathetic preganglionic motor fiber


$200 Question

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER


Regarding the micturition reflex, which neuronal fiber exits the spinal cord in a pelvic nerve and synapses on a neuron in an intramural ganglion?

a. parasympathetic preganglionic motor fiber

b. sympathetic postganglionic motor fiber

c. parasympathetic postganglionic motor fiber

d. sympathetic preganglionic motor fiber


$200 Answer

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What type of transitional tissue, continuous with the renal pelvis and ureters, also lines the urinary bladder?

a. simple epithelium

b. dense connective tissue

c. stratified epithelium

d. loose connective tissue

GFR & Ureters/Bladder/Urethra/Micturition: $300 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


What type of transitional tissue, continuous with the renal pelvis and ureters, also lines the urinary bladder?

a. simple epithelium

b. dense connective tissue

c. stratified epithelium

d. loose connective tissue


$300 Answer

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The actions of which hormone cause a decrease in the rate of sodium ion reabsorption in the DCT, leading to increased urinary sodium ion loss?

a. renin

b. angiotensin

c. aldosterone

d. atrial natriuretic peptide


$400 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


The actions of which hormone cause a decrease in the rate of sodium ion reabsorption in the DCT, leading to increased urinary sodium ion loss?

a. renin

b. angiotensin

c. aldosterone

d. atrial natriuretic peptide


$400 Answer

BACK TO GAME


A reduction in blood flow and a decline in glomerular filtration pressure trigger which of the following?

a. dilation of the efferent arteriole and glomerular capillaries

b. constriction of the efferent arteriolec. constriction of the glomerular capillaries and efferent

arterioled. dilation of the efferent arteriole and constriction of the

glomerular capillaries


$500 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


A reduction in blood flow and a decline in glomerular filtration pressure trigger which of the following?

a. dilation of the efferent arteriole and glomerular capillaries

b. constriction of the efferent arteriolec. constriction of the glomerular capillaries and efferent

arterioled. dilation of the efferent arteriole and constriction of the

glomerular capillaries


$500 Answer

BACK TO GAME


The kidneys can compensate for a drop in blood pH by

a. secreting both H+ and HCO3–.

b. reabsorbing both H+ and HCO3–.

c. reabsorbing H+ and secreting HCO3–.

d. secreting H+ and reabsorbing HCO3–.

Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance:

$100 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


The kidneys can compensate for a drop in blood pH by

a. secreting both H+ and HCO3–.

b. reabsorbing both H+ and HCO3–.

c. reabsorbing H+ and secreting HCO3–.

d. secreting H+ and reabsorbing HCO3–.


$100 Answer

BACK TO GAME


Which of the following organs play key roles in maintaining the acid-base balance of body fluids?

a. lungs and heart

b. kidneys and heart

c. heart and liver

d. kidneys and lungs


$200 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


Which of the following organs play key roles in maintaining the acid-base balance of body fluids?

a. lungs and heart

b. kidneys and heart

c. heart and liver

d. kidneys and lungs


$200 Answer

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Water moves from the cells into the ECF if which of the following events occurs?

a. The ECF becomes hypotonic with respect to the ICF.

b. The ECF becomes hypertonic with respect to the ICF.

c. The ICF becomes hypertonic with respect to the ECF.

d. The ECF becomes isotonic with respect to the ICF.


$300 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


Water moves from the cells into the ECF if which of the following events occurs?

a. The ECF becomes hypotonic with respect to the ICF.

b. The ECF becomes hypertonic with respect to the ICF.

c. The ICF becomes hypertonic with respect to the ECF.

d. The ECF becomes isotonic with respect to the ICF.


$300 Answer

BACK TO GAME


Repeated vomiting of stomach contents may result in which type of acid-base imbalance?

a. metabolic acidosis

b. metabolic alkalosis

c. respiratory acidosis

d. respiratory alkalosis


$400 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


Repeated vomiting of stomach contents may result in which type of acid-base imbalance?

a. metabolic acidosis

b. metabolic alkalosis

c. respiratory acidosis

d. respiratory alkalosis


$400 Answer

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Ion pumps sensitive to which substance reabsorb sodium ions from filtrate in exchange for potassium ions from the interstitial fluid?

a. aldosterone

b. renin

c. angiotensin

d. antidiuretic hormone


$500 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


Ion pumps sensitive to which substance reabsorb sodium ions from filtrate in exchange for potassium ions from the interstitial fluid?

a. aldosterone

b. renin

c. angiotensin

d. antidiuretic hormone


$500 Answer

BACK TO GAME


The normal pH of the blood and other extracellular fluids is

a. 7.0 (neutral).

b. 6.8 to 7.2.

c. 7.35 to 7.45.

d. 6.8 to 7.7.

Buffering Systems/Aging Effects/Homeostatic Interactions:

$100 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


The normal pH of the blood and other extracellular fluids is

a. 7.0 (neutral).

b. 6.8 to 7.2.

c. 7.35 to 7.45.

d. 6.8 to 7.7.


$100 Answer

BACK TO GAME


Which system produces vitamin D3, which is important for the renal production of calcitriol?

a. cardiovascular

b. endocrine

c. digestive

d. integumentary


$200 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


Which system produces vitamin D3, which is important for the renal production of calcitriol?

a. cardiovascular

b. endocrine

c. digestive

d. integumentary


$200 Answer

BACK TO GAME


Which of the following is an age-related change of the urinary system?

a. increase in the GFR

b. increase in total body water content

c. reduced sensitivity to ADH and aldosterone

d. increase in body mineral content


$300 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


Which of the following is an age-related change of the urinary system?

a. increase in the GFR

b. increase in total body water content

c. reduced sensitivity to ADH and aldosterone

d. increase in body mineral content


$300 Answer

BACK TO GAME


The phosphate buffer system is represented by which stoichiometric equation?

a. H+ + H2PO4– ⇄ HPO4

2–

b. CO2 + H2O ⇄ H+ + HCO3–

c. CO2 + HCO3– ⇄ H+ + H2O

d. H2PO4– ⇄ H+ + HPO4

2–


$400 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


The phosphate buffer system is represented by which stoichiometric equation?

a. H+ + H2PO4- ⇄ HPO42-

b. CO2 + H2O ⇄ H+ + HCO3-

c. CO2 + HCO3- ⇄ H+ + H2O

d. H2PO4– ⇄ H+ + HPO4

2–


$400 Answer

BACK TO GAME


Regarding acid-base balance, when carbon dioxide concentrations rise, which of the following occurs?

a. Additional oxygen and carbonic acid molecules are released, and pH goes up.

b. Additional hydrogen and bicarbonate ions are released, and pH goes down.

c. Additional hydrogen and bicarbonate ions are absorbed, and pH goes up.

d. Additional oxygen and carbonic acid moleculesare released, and pH goes down.


$500 Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


Regarding acid-base balance, when carbon dioxide concentrations rise, which of the following occurs?

a. Additional oxygen and carbonic acid molecules are released, and pH goes up.

b. Additional hydrogen and bicarbonate ions are released, and pH goes down.

c. Additional hydrogen and bicarbonate ions are absorbed, and pH goes up.

d. Additional oxygen and carbonic acid moleculesare released, and pH goes down.


$500 Answer

BACK TO GAME


Which of the following lists the steps in the production of concentrated urine in the correct order?

1 – Urine concentration is controlled by the water permeability of the DCT and collecting ducts.2 – Glomerular filtration produces a filtrate resembling blood plasma but with few plasma proteins.3 – Vasa recta absorbs water reabsorbed by the nephron loop and collecting ducts.4 – In the PCT and descending limb of the nephron loop, water moves into the interstitial fluid and then into peritubular capillaries, concentrating the tubular fluid.5 – 60 percent to 70 percent of the water is reabsorbed from the PCT.6 – The ascending limb is impermeable to water and solutes; tubular cells actively pump Na+ and Cl– ions out of the tubular fluid.

a. 2-4-5-6-3-1b. 4-5-2-6-1-3c. 2-5-4-6-1-3d. 3-2-5-4-6-1

FINAL ROUND Question

ANSWER

BACK TO GAME


Which of the following lists the steps in the production of concentrated urine in the correct order?

1 – Urine concentration is controlled by the water permeability of the DCT and collecting ducts.2 – Glomerular filtration produces a filtrate resembling blood plasma but with few plasma proteins.3 – Vasa recta absorbs water reabsorbed by the nephron loop and collecting ducts.4 – In the PCT and descending limb of the nephron loop, water moves into the interstitial fluid and then into peritubular capillaries, concentrating the tubular fluid.5 – 60 percent to 70 percent of the water is reabsorbed from the PCT.6 – The ascending limb is impermeable to water and solutes; tubular cells actively pump Na+ and Cl– ions out of the tubular fluid.

a. 2-4-5-6-3-1b. 4-5-2-6-1-3c. 2-5-4-6-1-3d. 3-2-5-4-6-1

FINAL ROUND Answer

BACK TO GAME

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Chapter 18: The Urinary System