Chapter 24 World War II

Chapter 24World War II?? - 1945Chapter 24 Section 1I can list the events that led to the outbreak of World War II

Bullet Points p. 795Read pgs. 770 - 775Bullet Points: Pg.829Reading: Pgs. 802 - 807Events1918 World War I Armistice was not a world wide treatyGermans punished and suffer from WWI1921 World suffers post war recessionAdolf Hitler becomes the leader of the German Nazi PartyDifferent Countries With Similar Problems and ResultsRussiaItalyGermanyJapanItalyEconomic and Social Problems cause unrest1922 Benito Mussolini threatens to overthrow government

How does the Italian government respond?ItalyMussolini named Prime MinisterCreates Worlds First Fascist Government

FascismA political system based on militarism, extreme nationalism, and loyalty to the state and its leader.The boss is always rightSuperior nations must conquer and control weaker nationsMussoliniItaly is superior to other countriesReturn to the Roman EmpireBannedFreedom of the PressOther Political PartiesJailed or Murdered CriticsItalyGovernmentChangesProblemsRussiaJoseph Stalin and the Communist Party

RussiaCommunism created a totalitarian government in RussiaTotalitarian - Single Party SystemGovernment controls farms, land, animals, and buisnesses4 million critics were executed or sent to prison camps (GULAGS)GULAGS

RussiaGovernmentSocietyProblemsGermanyEconomic struggles caused by WWI led to the rise of the Nazi Party and Adolf HitlerHarsh treatment from WWI left many Germans unhappy with the World

NazismForm of FascismAnti-SemiticGermans are the Master RaceBelieved WWI was lost because Jews and inferior people like GypsiesHitler uses this belief to his advantage

Adolf HitlerElected Chancellor in 1933Political Parties OutlawedSecret Police Enforce His Will

Jewish Community in GermanyBlamed for social and economic issuesScapegoatBanned from professionsCommunity was attackedSent to slave labor camps

GermanyGovernmentSocietyJapanJapans economy struggles following WWIJapan felt that they need space1936 Militarists take control

Japans Military Aggression Believed they were superiorRacistAggression Warlike actions against another nation without cause1931 Japan Seizes Manchuria and China1937 Attacks Nanjing China, 250,000 Civilians and POWs killed

JapanGovernmentSocietyJapans Control of Asia

ConsequencesJapan suspended from League of Nations for one year

Four New PowersItaly Russia Japan Germany

GovernmentLeadersMilitary Aggression1935 Italy Invades EthiopiaHaile Selassie appeals to the League of NationsWeak responseEthiopia Falls

German AggressionHitler rebuilds German Army1936 Troops sent into Rhineland1938 Hitler takes over AustriaWorlds Response?Nothing

German Aggression1938 Germany tries to take over Czechoslovakia Britain & France ObjectMunich PactFrance agrees to let Germany take part of Czech in return for no further aggressionNo one asked the CzechsAppeasementA policy of giving into aggression to avoid warNeville Chamberlain Peace in our timeDid it work?1939 Hitler takes the rest of Czech

Americas ResponseNeutrality Act 1935No assistance to those in warGood Neighbor PolicyUS removes troops from South AmericaWhat did the United States hope to gain from this?

War Begins in Europe1939 Germany invades PolandHitler and Stalin agree to non-aggression dealSecretly agree to divide PolandRussia invades FinlandSeptember 3rd 1939France and England declare war on GermanyGermany Invades Poland

Germanys March1940Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Luxemburg, and Belgium FallFrance under attackFight for FranceEnglish and French put on the defensivePushed back to DunkirkEnglish Evacuate

June 22, 1940France SurrendersBattle for BritainHitler launches an air attackTens of thousands killedAttacks ravaged the land, but Britain did not breakBritain Stands Alone

Winston Churchill

June 22nd, 1941Germany Attacks Russia1938Hitlers March193919401941Take over of Czech and Peace in Our Time Appeasement Fails and Poland FallsDenmark, Norway, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France Fall England and Russia Under AttackChapter 24 Section 2The United States at War

Bullet Points p. 795Read pgs. 776 - 781Bullet Points: 829Reading: 808-813Ch. 24 Sec. 2I understand how the United states moved from neutrality to full involvement in the war.

FDRs PledgeYour boys are not going to be sent into any foreign warsEasily reelected for third term

Lend-Lease ActSold supplies to BritainAllowed for US to lend or lease supplies to the BritishAct extended to Russia and ChinaMost Americans agreed

United States PreparesBuild up of Army and NavyPeace Time Draft startedCreated Tuskegee Airmen

Atlantic CharterUS and Britain lay out future goalsWould seek no territorial gainsEvery nation has the right to choose their own governmentNew peacekeeping organization

Why?Japan and the Pacific1941 Japan invades IndochinaRoosevelt bans sale of iron and scrap metal to JapanLimits sale of oil to JapanDecember 7th, 1941Japan Attacks the United States at Pearl Harbor

Why did the Japanese attack? Why did the Japanese attack?The Japanese attacked because they feared the Americans would become involved, and they needed time to secure supplies.The Damage200 Airplanes Destroyed

2 Battleships Destroyed

6 Battleships Damaged

2,400 Dead

United States Enters The WarDecember 8th, 1941Congress Declares War on Japan

Total WarDecember 11, 1941Germany and Italy declare war on the United StatesDivisions Allies AxisUnited States Germany Britain Japan France ItalySoviet Union China

Two FrontsETOEurope and Africa

PacificPacific Ocean, Australia, Indochina, and Japan

Europe and North Africa 1942Germany controlled most of Western EuropeGermany had advanced deep into RussiaMillions of Russians dead

Russian WinterDecember 1941Russians stopped German advance outside of Moscow1942Germany tries again at StalingradRussians stop them once againEastern Front

North AfricaErwin Rommel defeated in North AfricaBritish attack from the EastUnited States under Gen. Eisenhower attack from the WestGermans retreatNorth Africa

Axis POWs

Japan 1942Hong KongMalaysiaThailandBurmaGuamWake IslandsDutch East IndiesSolomon Islands

PhilippinesAttacked hours after Pearl Harbor

Philippines2 weeks later Japan invades at LuzonAmerican forces retreat to BataanMacArthur ordered to leave

Bushidofrugality, loyalty, mastery of martial arts, and honor to the death. Under the bushid ideal, if a samurai failed to uphold his honor he could regain it by performing seppuku (ritual suicide).

The Tide TurnsCoral Sea & MidwayBattle of Coral Sea May 1942Japan to invade Port MoresbyU.S. learns from radio interceptSend fleet to stop2 carriers, Lexington and Yorktown

OutcomeLexington lostJapan loses fewer shipsCancels invasion of Port MoresbyFirst naval fight where ships never shoot at each otherBattle of Midway June 1942Japan to wipe out American FleetTries to trap American carriersAmericans learn of plan by radioSets own trapSinks 4 Japanese carriersLoses 1 of own

Chapter 24, Section 3THE HOME FRONT

Bullet Points p. 795Read pgs. 770 - 775I can understand how the home front responded to American participation in the warBuilding the MilitaryDraft changed to keep men in for the entire war15 Million men drafted or volunteered

Women in the MilitaryNursesWACsWAVEsWASPs Ferry Pilots

A Wartime EconomyIndustry converted from consumer to military productsWar Production Board supervised everythingMilitary output doubledUnemployment shrankMinorities found jobsDepression ended

Supporting the WarVictory GardensRationingWar Bonds

Four Groups Affected By the War Women Japanese Americans

African Americans Mexican Americans

Women in IndustryFactoriesShipyardsCrane operatorsBus driversPolice OfficersGas station attendants

Women in IndustryBetter pay Equal payBetter working conditionsSense of freedomSense of confidence

Rosie the Riveter

Keeping up the boys spirits

Japanese AmericansAt start of war, 300,000 Japanese Americans lived in U.S. Americans afraid that they may be spiesFeb. 1942, 110,000 locked in internment camps far inlandForced to sell property

WHAT WOULD YOU HAVE DONE?

Japanese AmericansNot one case of disloyalty17,000 served in ETO442nd Neisi combat Regimental Team most decorated unit in history1990, each survivor given $20,000

21525604,0009.4868Other Tensions11,000 foreign born German and several hundred Italian Americans internedHad not yet gained citizenshipNaturalized citizens faced curfews and travel limitsAfrican AmericansSegregated military unitsDiscrimination in private industryRoosevelt pressured into ordering equality in hiringSet up the Fair Employment Practices CommitteeAfrican AmericansAs African Americans moved to cities, competition over housing1943 race riots in Detroit and New York

Mexican Americans million served in armed forces in WW II1942 treaty with Mexico allowed U.S. companies to hire Mexican laborersWHERE DID THEY WORK?Faced prejudice and violenceMexican Americans1943 Zoot suit riots in L.A.Newspapers blamed Mexican AmericansEleanor Roosevelt blamed discrimination.

Chapter 24, Section 4Toward Victory

Bullet Points pg. 829Read pgs. 821-827I can understand how the Allies won World War II and the resultsLEADERSRoosevelt U.S.Churchill EnglandStalin RussiaHitler GermanyMussolini ItalyEisenhower U.S.Rommell - GermanyVictory in Europe Stalin wants 2nd front

1943 Roosevelt and Churchill did not think Allies ready

WHAT WOULD YOU DO?

The PlanInvade Italy, 1943 Draw Italian and German forces southInvade France in 2 places, 1944 Catch Germany off guard when France invadedRussia pushes westThe ResultSicily captured then Italy invadedMussolini outItaly surrenders, butGermans take over parts of Italy and resist The resultHitler tries to save Mussolini but captured and killed

The result Allies continue the fight in Italy

Monte Cassino- Before

Monte Cassino - After

D-DAYJune 1944Invasion of France

WHERE WOULD YOU INVADE?

Differing opinionsHitlerPas de CalaisRommellNormandy CoastWhere do majority of German troops go?Where do Allies land ?

BocageTroops fought way inlandCaught in the Bocage (Hedgerow) areaEarth and hedge 15 feet high

ParisBy August 1944, allies had retaken Paris France

2nd invasion of FranceAugust 1944, Southern France invaded

Battle of the BulgeDec. 1944 German push against alliesAttacked through Argonne ForestLightly defended by Allies

Bastogne SurroundedGermans surround town of BastogneHeld by 101st AirborneGermans ask for surrenderAmerican General gives a 1 word replyNUTS!Germany InvadedJan 1945 Russia reaches Germany, pushes westU.S. reaches Germany and pushes eastGermany caught in a vise

Germany InvadedU.S. stops just east of Elbe RiverAllows Russia to take Berlin

WHY?

Germany InvadedU.S. and Britain bomb Germany non-stop

Roosevelt DiesAp. 12, 1945, President Roosevelt diesV.P. Harry Truman takes over

Germany CollapsesGerman troops retreatLast stand in Berlin

Hitler DeadCommits suicide Ap. 30, 1945May 8, 1945 Germany surrenders

CommandersMacArthurNimitz

StrategyMove across Pacific, closer to Japan then bomb until surrender

StrategyMidway78 different attacksGuadalcanal Solomon Island Aug 1942New Georgia & New Guinea 1943Bouganville 1943Tarawa Gilbert Islands 1943

StrategyTake back Aleutians 1943Kwajalein, 1944Saipan, Tinian, and Guam Summer 1944Back to Phillippines Oct 1944 Aug 15, 1945Iwo Jima Feb 1945Okinowa Ap 1945

ResultsBut at What Cost?Guadalcanal Solomon Islands1004 Dead

New Georgia New Guinea170 Dead

Bouganville1,243 Dead

Tarawa Bloody Tarawa1,711 Dead

Aleutians180 Dead

Kwajalein372 Dead

Saipan2,949 Dead

Japanese Suicides - Saipan

Tinian328 Dead

Guam7,100 Dead

Philippines4,438 Dead

Iwo Jima2,093 Dead

Okinawa7, 272 Dead

What did we want?Airfields

WHY?To bomb Japan

Then

Before Atomic BombJapan fights back - Kamikaze

I can list the events that led to the outbreak of World War IIAnswer Ch. 24 Sec. 11.Totalitarian dictators gained power after WW I.2. Germany, Italy, and Japan started on a path of military conquestThe United States tried to remain neutral in world affairsGermany and Russia agree not to hurt one another then divide Poland when Germany invades PolandI understand how the United States moved from neutrality to full involvement in the war.Answers Ch. 24 Sec 21. The U.S. increased military production, created a peace time draft and agreed to help its allies.The U.S. finally entered the war when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941.After the loss of the Philippines and most of the South Pacific islands, the U.S. finally beat the Japanese at the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Germans in North Africa I understand how the home front responded to American participation in the warAnswers Ch. 24 Sec. 3The U.S. asked for volunteers and drafted men totaling 15 millionThe U.S. created the War Production board which controlled all factory productsAmerican women took over the jobs left by men, served in the military, grew victory gardens, rationed consumer goods and did everything necessary to win.Even U.S. citizens of Japanese ancestry were locked up. I can understand how the Allies won World War II and the resultsAnswers Ch. 24 Sec. 4More tanks, more men, more supplies, etc. and NO HITLER telling the U.S. Generals what to do.The development and dropping of the A-bomb on Japan convinced them to surrender.6 million Jews and countless millions of other were murdered by the Nazis.What happened to war criminals