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Chapter 24World War II
?? - 1945
Chapter 24 Section 1
I can list the events that led to the
outbreak of World War II
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Bullet Points p. 795 Read pgs. 770 - 775Bullet Points: Pg.829
Reading: Pgs. 802 - 807
Events• 1918 – World War I Armistice was not a
world wide treatyoGermans punished and suffer from
WWI• 1921 – World suffers post war recessionoAdolf Hitler becomes the leader of the
German Nazi Party
Different Countries With Similar Problems and
Results• Russia• Italy• Germany• Japan
Italy
• Economic and Social Problems cause unrest
• 1922 – Benito Mussolini threatens to overthrow government
How does the Italian government respond?
Italy• Mussolini named “Prime Minister”oCreates World’s First Fascist
Government
Fascism• A political system based on militarism,
extreme nationalism, and loyalty to the state and its leader.oThe boss is always rightoSuperior nations must conquer and
control weaker nations
Mussolini• Italy is superior to other countriesoReturn to the Roman Empire
• BannedoFreedom of the PressoOther Political PartiesoJailed or Murdered Critics
Italy
Government Changes
Problems
RussiaJoseph Stalin and the Communist Party
Russia• Communism created a totalitarian
government in RussiaoTotalitarian - Single Party System
• Government controls farms, land, animals, and buisnesses
• 4 million critics were executed or sent to prison camps (GULAGS)
GULAGS
Russia
Government Society
Problems
Germany• Economic struggles caused by WWI led
to the rise of the Nazi Party and Adolf Hitler
• Harsh treatment from WWI left many Germans unhappy with the World
Nazism• Form of Fascism• Anti-Semitic• Germans are the Master Race• Believed WWI was lost because Jews and
inferior people like Gypsies• Hitler uses this belief to his advantage
Adolf Hitler• Elected Chancellor
in 1933• Political Parties
Outlawed• Secret Police
Enforce His Will
Jewish Community in Germany
• Blamed for social and economic issuesoScapegoat
• Banned from professions• Community was attacked• Sent to slave labor camps
Germany
Government Society
Japan• Japan’s economy struggles following
WWI• Japan felt that they need space• 1936 – Militarists take control
Japan’s Military Aggression
• Believed they were superioroRacist
• Aggression – Warlike actions against another nation without cause
• 1931 – Japan Seizes Manchuria and China• 1937 – Attacks Nanjing China, 250,000
Civilians and POW’s killed
Japan
Government Society
Japan’s Control of Asia
Consequences• Japan suspended from League of Nations
for one year
Four New Powers
Italy Russia Japan GermanyGovernment
Leaders
Military Aggression• 1935 – Italy Invades EthiopiaoHaile Selassie appeals
to the League of NationsoWeak responseoEthiopia Falls
German Aggression
• Hitler rebuilds German Army• 1936 – Troops sent into Rhineland• 1938 – Hitler takes over Austria• World’s Response?oNothing
German Aggression• 1938 – Germany tries to take over
Czechoslovakia • Britain & France Object• Munich PactoFrance agrees to let Germany take part
of Czech in return for no further aggression
oNo one asked the Czechs
Appeasement• A policy of giving into
aggression to avoid war• Neville Chamberlain o“Peace in our time”
• Did it work?• 1939 – Hitler takes the
rest of Czech
America’s Response
• Neutrality Act 1935oNo assistance to those in war
• Good Neighbor PolicyoUS removes troops from South
America• What did the United States hope to gain
from this?
War Begins in Europe• 1939 – Germany invades PolandoHitler and Stalin agree to non-aggression dealoSecretly agree to divide Poland
• Russia invades Finland• September 3rd 1939oFrance and England declare war on
Germany
Germany Invades Poland
Germany’s March• 1940oDenmark, Norway, Netherlands,
Luxemburg, and Belgium Fall• France under attack
Fight for France• English and French put on the defensive• Pushed back to Dunkirk• English Evacuate
June 22, 1940
France Surrenders
Battle for Britain• Hitler launches an air attackoTens of thousands killed
• Attacks ravaged the land, but Britain did not break
• Britain Stands Alone
Winston Churchill
June 22nd, 1941
Germany Attacks Russia
1938
Hitler’s March
1939
1940 194
1Take over of Czech and
Peace in Our Time
Appeasement Fails and
Poland Falls
Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France Fall
England and Russia Under Attack
Chapter 24 Section 2
The United States at War
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Bullet Points p. 795 Read pgs. 776 - 781Bullet Points: 829
Reading: 808-813
Ch. 24 Sec. 2
I understand how the United states moved from neutrality
to full involvement in the war.
FDR’s Pledge• “Your boys are not going to be sent into
any foreign wars”• Easily reelected for
third term
Lend-Lease Act• Sold supplies to Britain• Allowed for US to lend or lease supplies
to the British• Act extended to Russia and China• Most Americans agreed
United States Prepares• Build up of Army and Navy• Peace Time Draft
started• Created Tuskegee
Airmen
Atlantic Charter• US and Britain lay out future goalsoWould seek no territorial gainsoEvery nation has the right to choose
their own governmentoNew peacekeeping organization
Why?
Japan and the Pacific• 1941 – Japan invades IndochinaoRoosevelt bans sale of iron and scrap
metal to JapanoLimits sale of oil to Japan
December 7th, 1941
Japan Attacks the United States at
Pearl Harbor
Why did the Japanese attack?
Why did the Japanese attack?
• The Japanese attacked because they feared the Americans would become involved, and they needed time to secure supplies.
The Damage• 200 Airplanes Destroyed
• 2 Battleships Destroyed
• 6 Battleships Damaged
• 2,400 Dead
United States Enters The War
• December 8th, 1941oCongress Declares War on Japan
Total War• December 11, 1941oGermany and Italy declare war on the
United StatesDivisions
Allies AxisUnited States Germany Britain Japan France ItalySoviet Union China
Two Fronts• ETOoEurope and Africa
• PacificoPacific Ocean, Australia, Indochina,
and Japan
Europe and North Africa 1942
• Germany controlled most of Western Europe
• Germany had advanced deep into Russia• Millions of Russians dead
Russian Winter• December 1941oRussians stopped German advance
outside of Moscow• 1942oGermany tries again at StalingradoRussians stop them once again
Eastern Front
North Africa• Erwin Rommel defeated in North Africa• British attack from the East• United States under Gen. Eisenhower
attack from the West• Germans retreat
North Africa
Axis POW’s
Japan 1942• Hong Kong• Malaysia• Thailand• Burma• Guam• Wake Islands• Dutch East Indies• Solomon Islands
Philippines• Attacked hours after Pearl Harbor
Philippines• 2 weeks later Japan invades at Luzon• American forces retreat to Bataan• MacArthur ordered to leave
Bushido• frugality, loyalty, mastery of
martial arts, and honor to the death. Under the bushidō ideal, if a samurai failed to uphold his honor he could regain it by performing seppuku (ritual suicide).
The Tide Turns
•Coral Sea & Midway
Battle of Coral Sea – May 1942• Japan to invade
Port Moresby• U.S. learns from
radio intercept• Send fleet to stop• 2 carriers,
Lexington and Yorktown
Outcome• Lexington lost• Japan loses fewer ships• Cancels invasion of Port
Moresby• First naval fight where ships
never shoot at each other
Battle of Midway – June 1942
• Japan to wipe out American Fleet• Tries to trap American carriers• Americans learn of plan by radio• Sets own trap• Sinks 4 Japanese carriers• Loses 1 of own
Chapter 24, Section 3
THE HOME FRONT
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Bullet Points p. 795 Read pgs. 770 - 775
I can understand how the home front
responded to American
participation in the war
Building the Military• Draft changed to
keep men in for the entire war
• 15 Million men drafted or volunteered
Women in the Military• Nurses• WAC’s• WAVE’s• WASP’s – Ferry Pilots
A Wartime Economy• Industry converted from consumer to
military products• War Production Board supervised
everything• Military output doubled• Unemployment shrank• Minorities found jobs• Depression ended
Supporting the War• Victory Gardens• Rationing• War Bonds
Four Groups Affected By the War
Women Japanese Americans
African Americans Mexican Americans
Women in Industry• Factories• Shipyards• Crane operators• Bus drivers• Police Officers• Gas station attendants
Women in Industry
• Better pay – Equal pay• Better working conditions• Sense of freedom• Sense of confidence
“Rosie the Riveter”
Keeping up the boys spirits
Japanese Americans• At start of war, 300,000 Japanese
Americans lived in U.S. • Americans afraid that they may be spies• Feb. 1942, 110,000 locked in internment
camps far inland• Forced to sell property
WHAT WOULD YOU HAVE DONE?
Japanese Americans• Not one case of disloyalty• 17,000 served in ETO• 442nd Neisi combat Regimental
Team most decorated unit in history• 1990, each survivor given $20,000
21
52 560
4,000 9.486
8
Other Tensions• 11,000 foreign born German and
several hundred Italian Americans interned
• Had not yet gained citizenship• Naturalized citizens faced
curfews and travel limits
African Americans• Segregated military units• Discrimination in private industry• Roosevelt pressured into ordering
equality in hiring• Set up the Fair Employment
Practices Committee
African Americans• As African Americans moved to cities,
competition over housing• 1943 race riots in Detroit and New York
Mexican Americans• ½ million served in armed forces in WW
II• 1942 treaty with Mexico allowed U.S.
companies to hire Mexican laborers
WHERE DID THEY WORK?• Faced prejudice and violence
Mexican Americans• 1943 – Zoot suit riots in L.A.• Newspapers blamed Mexican
Americans• Eleanor Roosevelt blamed
discrimination.
Chapter 24, Section 4
Toward Victory
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Bullet Points pg. 829 Read pgs. 821-827
•I can understand how the Allies won World War II and the results
LEADERS• Roosevelt – U.S.• Churchill – England• Stalin – Russia• Hitler – Germany• Mussolini – Italy• Eisenhower – U.S.• Rommell - Germany
Victory in Europe• Stalin wants 2nd front
• 1943 – Roosevelt and Churchill did not think Allies ready
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
The Plan• Invade Italy, 1943 – Draw Italian
and German forces south• Invade France in 2 places, 1944 –
Catch Germany off guard when France invaded
• Russia pushes west
The Result• Sicily captured then Italy invaded• Mussolini out• Italy surrenders, but• Germans take over parts of Italy
and resist
The result• Hitler tries to save Mussolini but captured
and killed
The result Allies continue the fight in Italy
Monte Cassino- Before
Monte Cassino - After
D-DAY• June 1944• Invasion of France
WHERE WOULD YOU INVADE?
Differing opinionsHitler
• Pas de CalaisRommell
• Normandy Coast
Where do majority of German troops go?
Where do Allies land ?
Bocage• Troops fought way inland• Caught in the Bocage (Hedgerow) area• Earth and hedge 15 feet high
Paris• By August 1944,
allies had retaken Paris France
2nd invasion of France• August 1944, Southern France invaded
Battle of the Bulge• Dec. 1944 German push against
allies• Attacked through Argonne Forest• Lightly defended by Allies
Bastogne Surrounded• Germans surround town of
Bastogne• Held by 101st Airborne• Germans ask for surrender• American General gives a 1 word
reply
NUTS!
Germany Invaded
• Jan 1945 Russia reaches Germany, pushes west
• U.S. reaches Germany and pushes east
• Germany caught in a vise
Germany Invaded• U.S. stops just east of Elbe River• Allows Russia to take Berlin
WHY?
Germany Invaded• U.S. and Britain bomb Germany non-stop
Roosevelt DiesoAp. 12, 1945, President Roosevelt
diesoV.P. Harry Truman takes over
Germany Collapses• German troops retreat• Last stand in Berlin
Hitler DeadoCommits suicide Ap. 30, 1945oMay 8, 1945 – Germany surrenders
Strategy• Move across Pacific, closer to
Japan then bomb until surrender
Strategy• Midway• 78 different attacks• Guadalcanal – Solomon Island – Aug
1942• New Georgia & New Guinea – 1943• Bouganville – 1943• Tarawa – Gilbert Islands 1943
Strategy• Take back Aleutians – 1943• Kwajalein, 1944• Saipan, Tinian, and Guam – Summer
1944• Back to Phillippines – Oct 1944 – Aug
15, 1945• Iwo Jima – Feb 1945• Okinowa – Ap 1945
ResultsBut at What Cost?
Guadalcanal – Solomon Islands
• 1004 Dead
New Georgia – New Guinea
• 170 Dead
Bouganville• 1,243 Dead
Tarawa – Bloody Tarawa• 1,711 Dead
Aleutians• 180 Dead
Kwajalein• 372 Dead
Saipan• 2,949 Dead
Japanese Suicides - Saipan
Tinian• 328 Dead
Guam• 7,100 Dead
Philippines• 4,438 Dead
Iwo Jima• 2,093 Dead
Okinawa• 7, 272 Dead
What did we want?• Airfields
WHY?• To bomb Japan
Then
Before Atomic Bomb• Japan fights back - Kamikaze
• I can list the events that led to the outbreak of World War II
Answer – Ch. 24 Sec. 11.Totalitarian dictators gained power after
WW I.
2. Germany, Italy, and Japan started on a path of military conquest
3.The United States tried to remain neutral in world affairs
4.Germany and Russia agree not to hurt one another then divide Poland when Germany invades Poland
• I understand how the United States moved from neutrality to full involvement in the war.
Answers Ch. 24 Sec 21. The U.S. increased military production,
created a peace time draft and agreed to help its allies.
2.The U.S. finally entered the war when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941.
3.After the loss of the Philippines and most of the South Pacific islands, the U.S. finally beat the Japanese at the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Germans in North Africa
I understand how the home front responded
to American participation in the war
Answers Ch. 24 Sec. 31.The U.S. asked for volunteers and drafted
men totaling 15 million2.The U.S. created the War Production board
which controlled all factory products3.American women took over the jobs left by
men, served in the military, grew victory gardens, rationed consumer goods and did everything necessary to win.
4.Even U.S. citizens of Japanese ancestry were locked up.
I can understand how the Allies won World War II and
the results
Answers Ch. 24 Sec. 41. More tanks, more men, more supplies,
etc. and NO HITLER telling the U.S. Generals what to do.
2. The development and dropping of the A-bomb on Japan convinced them to surrender.
3. 6 million Jews and countless millions of other were murdered by the Nazis.
4. What happened to war criminals
