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Chapter 24Finish Ceilings & Floors
‘Interior’ Ceiling @ the Venetian Hotel (Las Vegas)
Functions of Finish Ceilings
Visual - color, texture, pattern, shape
Control diffusion of: light sound
Conceal MPE Accommodate: lights, diffusers, communication, sprinkler…
May assist with fire resistancedistribution / return of HVAC
Types of Ceilings
Exposed Structural & MPE
Tightly Attached
Suspended
Interstitial
Exposed
Exposed Structure & MPEIndustrial, warehouse, …
Economy & ease of maintenance
Timber, trusses, etc. Often for appearance
Flat Plate, PC plank (HC)Painted - hotels & apartmentsMinimal MPE services in ceilingEconomy and reduces story height
Exposed Structure Ceiling“Joint” Preparation for Sprayed on Textured Ceiling
Textured Ceiling
Exposed Timber & MPE Services @ a Ski Lodge
Tightly Attached
Attached directly to joists or slabs
Special arrangements / accommodations for: Structural members (beams, girders)MPE systems
Suspended Ceilings
Suspended from the StructureGenerally by wires
Materials: drywall, plaster, fibrous (acoustic)
Structure
Suspended Ceiling•Drywall•Plaster•Acoustic (incombustible fibers)
SupportWires
Ceiling Plenum space
forducts, pipes, conduit ...
Support System•Metal Framing•Furring Channels•“Metal Grid
Suspended Plaster Ceiling (note the delamination of the finish coat)
Acoustic “Lay-in Panels”
•Exposed Metal Grid•2x2 or 2x4 Lay-in Panels•MPE “sized” to fit grid or cut into the acoustic tile•Economical
Acoustical Ceiling Grid Systems
Main Runners•Provide Main Ceiling Support•Generally 4’ o.c.•Attached to “Hangers”•Additional hangers may be required to support MPE “loads”
Cross Tees•Intermediate Support•“Rest”/ attach to Mains•Spacing depends on tile
“Difficult” to access
Wall Angle•Attaches to wall
Diffuser sized 2x2
“Recessed” Grid(also can be Flush, …)
Ceiling mounted - lights, sprinkler, smoke detector, communication
Multiple Tile Finishes Available
Common Support Grid Profile
Suspended Ceiling used as a
Fire Resistant Membrane
The Integrity of the Fire
Resistant Rating Must be Maintained
at the Ceiling Penetrations
Combination Light/Diffuser
Suspended Acoustic Ceiling with a Gypsum ‘Fire’ Ceiling Above
Interstitial Ceilings
Common with elaborate MPE systemsHospitals & laboratories
Purpose:Accommodate extensive MPE systemsProvide access for maintenance & updating
services
Finish FlooringFunctions & Considerations
Functions:VisualAcousticsLightWearing Surface
ConsiderationsLife / durabilitySkid resistanceSanitationNoiseFire (resistance, combustibility) Other (conductivity,..)
Under-floor Services
Distribution of electrical /communicationsMethodsConduitCellular RacewaysCellular DeckingRaised Flooring
Under-floor Electrical Services Placed in the concrete slab
Reducing Noise Transmission
Use of a Soft materialPadded carpetCushioned resilient flooringResilient underlayment
Selection of surrounding materialDense ceiling material below (plaster, drywall)Mount ceiling on resilient clips or spring
hangers
Skid & Fire Resistance
Skid ResistanceMeasure by its static coefficient of friction (SCOF)Skid resistance – desirable to minimize slipping
Flame ResistanceMost flooring required to meet minimum criteriaExit corridors typically have higher requirements
Hard Flooring Materials
Resistant to:WearMoisture
Noisy -conduct sound
TypesConcrete, stone, brick, tile, terrazzo
Concrete Flooring
AdvantagesLow initial costDurable
Common UsesParking decksWarehousesIndustrial
Exposed Concrete with a pattern & tinting
Stone
TypesMarbleGraniteSlateSandstone, …
InstallationSetting BedGrouted joints
Marble
Granite
Bricks & Brick Pavers
Typically laid on face (but can be laid on edge)
Often with a setting bed
With Grouted Joints Without Grouted Joints
Paver Patterns
Quarry Tile
Fired Clay tilesMultiple shapes/sizesInstallation
Setting Bed (typical) Thin Set Grout Joints
Ceramic Tile
Fired Clay
Often Glazed Finish
Floors & Walls
Multiple sizes & colors, smaller tiles shipped with backing sheets
Reinforced ‘Mesh’ Bridge Cracks in Floor
Laying Ceramic Tile
Applying Adhesive with a Notched Trowel
Spacers Being Installed
Tile Placement
Cutting Tile
Small tile shipped with backing sheet
Decorative Ceramic Tile
Terrazzo
Ground/polished concreteTyp. granite or marble chips w/ colored cementDivider strips
At changes in color/texture, expansion/contraction
Brass Divider Strips
Wood Flooring
Materialswhite & red oak, pecan, maple, pine, ….
TypesWood Strip Flooring - blind nailedSquare edge - fasteners visible (or filled)Parquet
Pre-finished or finished in-place (except parquet)
Blind Nailed Strip Flooring
Multiple Floor Finisheswood, tile, & carpet
Resilient Flooring
Vinyl Composition
Thin (1/8”), rolls or tiles (VCT)Will show substrate irregularities
Multiple colors & patterns
Low cost, moderate durability
Installation - glued
Carpet
Multiple styles, colors, …
Indoor and Outdoor
InstallationGlued directly to substrate, orPad & tackless strip
Glued Carpet abutting Terrazzo
Edge Strip
Sustainability in Floors and Ceilings
Indoor air quality: problems often caused by finish materials and coatings ( glues, binders, fabrics, etc.)
Mold & Mildew: can be a problem in carpets, wall coverings, & fabrics
Vinyl common in finishes: manufacture of vinyl releases significant amounts of air pollution
Recycling of interior materials in its infancy