Chapter 2The Central Dogma: Exploring

Genetic Disease

Figure 2.1: “Sickled” red blood cells

© Eye of Science/Photo Researchers, Inc.

Figure 2.2: The hemoglobin molecule

Figure 2.3: An individual has two copies of each gene: the same (homozygous) or different (heterozygous)

Figure 2.4: Four possible outcomes for the child of two carriers of the sickle-cell trait. W=wild-type allele; S=sickle-cell allele

Figure 2.5: A DNA molecule is made up of two strands of nucleotides

Figure 2.6: Synthesis of RNA, a single-stranded molecule complementary to one of the two DNA strands

Figure 2.T1: The Genetic Code

Figure 2.7: Diagram showing how a single gene encoded in DNA is transcribed and translated to produce a protein

Figure 2.8: The human HBB gene in FASTA format

Figure 2.9: A vest designed to improve lung function for cystic fibrosis patients

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Figure 2.10: Schematic diagram showing the structure of the CFTR protein that regulates transport of chloride through cell membranes