Chapter 1_Material Structure and Binary Alloy System

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JF302

MATERIAL

TECHNOLOGY 1

CHAPTER 1

MATERIAL STRUCTURE

AND BINARY ALLOYSYSTEM

JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL

POLITEKNIK KOTA KINABALU


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WHAT IS MATTER?

Atom Elements Compound Mineral Rocks

Smallest Largest


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Is the smallest particle of an element and has the same chemicalproperties of the element Atoms:

the stuff that builds elements

the smallest particle that uniquely defines an elemen

Particles that make up an a tom: Protons: positive (+) charge Neutrons: no charge Electrons: negative (-) charge

Protons + neutrons define the nucleus of an atom.Layers of electrons that orbit around the nucleus are cal led orbitals

or energy-level shells .

ATOM


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ATOM STRUCTURE


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ATOM STRUCTURE


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A substance in which two or more different elements are

CHEMICALLY bonded together

COMPOUND


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Two or more substances that are mixed together but are NOT

chemically bonded.

MIXTURE


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PERIODIC TABLE ELEMENTS


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The arrangement of the chemical elements with increasing

atomic number according to the periodic variation in electron

structure. Nonmetallic elements are positioned at the far

right-hand side of the table.

DEFINE PERIODIC TABLE


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WHAT HAVE INSIDE THE BOX OF EPT?

Atomic Number

Symbol of Element

Atomic Weight

Name of Element


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WHAT IS ATOMIC NUMBER?

Atomic Number

Atomic numbers represent the number of

protons in one atom of the element.


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WHAT IS ATOMIC MASS?

Atomic Number

A sum of the number of

protons and neutrons inthe nucleus


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WHAT IS SYMBOL?

Symbol of Elements

Explains name of the element.


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Arrangements of electrons in an atom.

Each orbital can have only 2 electrons and with different

quantum numbers.

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION


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1) Oxygen

Atomic Number=8

Shell Number=2

Group=? lets determine it through atomic orbit.

Solution

1) Filled up electron at first shells

2) The balance of electron number lef t will be fill up at outer shell. Then it

shows the group of Oxygen.

EXAMPLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Oxygen-atomic orbit


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crystal structure is a unique arrangementof atoms or molecules in a crystall inel iquid or solid.

A crystal struc ture is composed of a pattern, a set of atoms

arranged in a particular way, and a lattice exhibiting long -range

order and symmetry. Patterns are located upon the points of

a lattice , which is an array of points repeating periodically inthree dimensions. The points can be thought of as forming

identical tiny boxes, called unit cel ls, that fill the space of the

lattice. The lengths of the edges of a unit cell and the angles

between them are called the lattice

parameters. The symmetry properties of the crystal are

embodied in its space group. A crystal's structure and symmetry play a role in determining

many of its physical properties, such as cleavage, electronic

band structure, and optical transparency.

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bravais_latticehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_constanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_constanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_band_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_band_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_opticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_opticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_band_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_band_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_constanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_constanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bravais_latticehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom


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CRYSTALLIZED STRUCTURE

Simple cubic

Body-centered cubic

No of atoms:

8 corner atom x 1/8 = 1 atom

Total atom = 1 atom

No of atoms:


1 centre atom = 1 atom

Total atom = 2 atoms


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CRYSTALLIZED STRUCTURE

(CONT.)

Face-centered cubic

Hexagonal close-packed

No of atoms:12 corner atom x 1/6 = 2

atoms

2 centre atom x = 1

atom

3 centre atom = 3

atoms

Total atom = 6

atoms

No of atoms:


6 face corner x = 3 atoms

Total atom = 4 atoms


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TO BE CONTINUED UNTIL

ALL STUDENT SUBMITTHE ASSIGNMENT!!!

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Chapter 1_Material Structure and Binary Alloy System