COLD WARAT HOME

Chapter 18

Section 3-4

Fear of Communism

Communist Party in U.S.100,000 members

Truman soft?

Federal Employee Loyalty ProgramGovernment employees

○ 3.2 million investigated○ Dismissed (212)

2,900 resigned

Fear Cont.

House Un-American Activities CommitteeMovie industry = propaganda slipped into films43 subpoenaed

Hollywood Ten○ Refused to testify ○ Sent to prison

Blacklist ○ 500 actors

Spies in U.S.

Alger HissFormer State Department official

Whittaker Chambers = former spy accused Hiss of spying○ Too long ago to be convicted o

Hiss convicted or perjury○ Nixon prosecuted him

Spies

Ethel and Julius RosenbergMinor activists in Communist PartyAccused of giving secrets on how to make

atomic bomb to soviets.JewishPleaded 5th Electric chairThought by many to be innocent

McCarthy Joseph McCarthy

Senator – Wisconsin

Ineffective legislator

charged that Communists taking over government○ Unsupported ○ said 205 = State

Department

McCarthyism = Unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty w/o evidence

1954 Claims against U.S. Army

Senate investigation○ Improper conduct

Died 3 years later○ Alcoholism

H-Bomb race

Hydrogen Bomb 67 times the power of A bomb.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxF10IYOMCo

U.S. = November 1, 1952

Soviets = August 1953 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_

JyzMPTHa1U

Brinkmanship

EisenhowerUse all our force to go to the edge of all out

war○ Nuclear weapons○ Policy called = Brinkmanship

Cut back Army, expanded Air Force

Buildup of nuclear weapons

CIA

Central Intelligence AgencyGather information abroad on weapons

Covert operations○ Overthrow governments unfriendly to U.S.

Warsaw Pact

Stalin dies 1953

Warsaw PactSoviet UnionMilitary alliance7 Easter European CountriesCommunist version of NATO

Middle East

Eisenhower Doctrine The U.S. would defend the Middle East

against an attack by any communist country

Hungarian Uprising = 1956Dominated by the SovietsWanted a democratic government30,000 killed200,000 fled west

Why didn’t the U.S. Help??

Cold War = Skies Nikita Khrushchev took over after Stalin Wanted Communism to rule world

Peaceful coexistence○ Compete economically / scientifically

Space Race Race to show who was more advanced

October 4, 1957○ Soviets

○ Sputnik = artificial satelliteJanuary 31, 1958

○ U.S.○ Satellite

U-2

U-2 Incident = 1960 First drones

Collect information on troops / movement

Francis Gary Powers○ Shot down○ U.S. had to own up○ Tensions emerged○ Pilot sentenced to 10 years in prison