The Witch HuntThe Witch Hunt

of of

McCarthyismMcCarthyism

Cold WarCold War

Communist spies- Communist spies- no accents, looked like usno accents, looked like us

Communism unknown – Communism unknown – therefore eviltherefore evil

Cold WarCold War

Atomic espionageAtomic espionage

1949 Russia gets 1949 Russia gets bombbomb

Allies jockeyed for powerAllies jockeyed for power

Josef Stalin over FDRJosef Stalin over FDR

Soviet domination of eastern EuropeSoviet domination of eastern Europe

Communist China’s civil war victoryCommunist China’s civil war victory

Allies jockeyed for powerAllies jockeyed for power

Start of Korean war in 1950Start of Korean war in 1950

NATO vs. Warsaw pactNATO vs. Warsaw pact

Julius and Ethel Julius and Ethel RosenbergRosenberg

Alger HissAlger Hiss

Threat to Democratic LifeThreat to Democratic Life

Communist infiltration Communist infiltration organized labor, Federal government,organized labor, Federal government,

HollywoodHollywood

Mistrust, suspicion, paranoiaMistrust, suspicion, paranoia

CPUSA – 80,000 membersCPUSA – 80,000 members

Liberals and intellectualsLiberals and intellectuals

Leadership loyal, regular members not reallyLeadership loyal, regular members not really

““Brink of communist takeover”Brink of communist takeover”

American Communist PartyAmerican Communist Party

Supported same causesSupported same causes

Plight of the forgotten manPlight of the forgotten man

““Haves” vs “Have-nots”Haves” vs “Have-nots”

Superman saves minersSuperman saves miners

Daily Life ChangedDaily Life Changed

““Duck and Duck and Cover”Cover”

1947 – HUAC vs. Hollywood1947 – HUAC vs. Hollywood

““Are you or have you ever been…”Are you or have you ever been…”

Refused to admit or name namesRefused to admit or name names

Held in contempt of congressHeld in contempt of congress

324 people fired for Hollywood studios324 people fired for Hollywood studios

““The Hollywood Ten”The Hollywood Ten”

CFA – “Committee for the First Amendment”CFA – “Committee for the First Amendment”

Hollywood liberalsHollywood liberals

Humphrey Bogart, Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, Lauren Bacall, John HustonJohn HustonGene KellyGene Kelly

1947 - Loyalty oaths for 1947 - Loyalty oaths for Federal employeesFederal employees

TrumanTruman““Soft on Soft on Communism”Communism”

3 million checked3 million checked

Legal rights violatedLegal rights violated

Fears grewFears grew

Anti-communist themesAnti-communist themes

““Invasion of the Body Snatchers”Invasion of the Body Snatchers”

““Red Menace”Red Menace”

RadioRadio

televisiontelevision

Red Scare and comicsRed Scare and comics

Disney used animalsDisney used animalsto caricature the feelingsto caricature the feelings

Captain AmericaCaptain America

Joseph McCarthyJoseph McCarthy

A synonym for irresponsiblyA synonym for irresponsibly

Women’s Club – 1950Women’s Club – 1950Wheeling, West VirginiaWheeling, West Virginia

List with namesList with names

Supported by fearSupported by fear

Chairman of Senate hearingsChairman of Senate hearings

Supported by congress, unquestioned Supported by congress, unquestioned powerpower

Unchecked Unchecked PowerPower

Edward R. MurrowEdward R. Murrow

““See It NowSee It Now” ”

Took on McCarthyTook on McCarthy

Unflattering lightUnflattering light

McCarthy’s own wordsMcCarthy’s own words

Downfall of McCarthyDownfall of McCarthy

Roy CohnRoy Cohn

David Schine draftedDavid Schine drafted

Secure “special privileges”Secure “special privileges”

Army released documentsArmy released documents

Schine ‘held hostage’ Schine ‘held hostage’ so he couldn’t testify againstso he couldn’t testify againstCommunists in armyCommunists in army

McCarthy – Army HearingsMcCarthy – Army Hearings

T.V. cameras were allowed in the hearingsT.V. cameras were allowed in the hearings

36 days, 188 hours36 days, 188 hours

Hearings going Hearings going badly for badly for McCarthyMcCarthy

Accuses Welch Accuses Welch aidaid

Joseph Welch - Army’s Joseph Welch - Army’s lawyerlawyer

““Until this moment, senator, I think I neverUntil this moment, senator, I think I nevergauged your cruelty or recklessness…gauged your cruelty or recklessness…

Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last?Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last?

Have you no sense of decency?”Have you no sense of decency?”

No charges filed against anyone in the ArmyNo charges filed against anyone in the Army

Senate censured McCarthySenate censured McCarthy

Power was gonePower was gone

McCarthy died three years laterMcCarthy died three years later

McCarthy and the Salem girlsMcCarthy and the Salem girls

Craved power, attention, fameCraved power, attention, fame

More they accused, the bigger the lie gotMore they accused, the bigger the lie got

Spread mass hysteriaSpread mass hysteria

Held power over people’s livesHeld power over people’s lives

McCarthy parallels SalemMcCarthy parallels Salem

Exaggerated and exploited evidenceExaggerated and exploited evidence

Ruined reputations and livesRuined reputations and lives

Accused used as scapegoats – society’s Accused used as scapegoats – society’s problemsproblems

Escape punishment – admit guiltEscape punishment – admit guilt

Society became scared and suspiciousSociety became scared and suspicious

Whole town wrapped up in lies and conspiracyWhole town wrapped up in lies and conspiracy

McCarthy used the already fear of communismMcCarthy used the already fear of communism

Anyone who questioned them, they themselvesAnyone who questioned them, they themselveswere accusedwere accused

McCarthyism McCarthyism on on

American LifestyleAmerican Lifestyle

Promoting Promoting ““The American”The American”Way of LifeWay of Life

TelevisionTelevision

Fastest growing mediumFastest growing medium

75% in 1946 – 90% in 196075% in 1946 – 90% in 1960

TV Guide - #1 selling magazineTV Guide - #1 selling magazine

Family togetherness Family togetherness

Conformity and ConsumerismConformity and Consumerism

Ideal family settingIdeal family setting

Gender rolesGender roles

American life intactAmerican life intact

““Father Knows Best”Father Knows Best”

What we got was – a bland menuWhat we got was – a bland menuquiz showsquiz showswesternswesternsfamily comediesfamily comedies

No controversyNo controversy

T.V. world - perfectT.V. world - perfect

Endangering theEndangering the““moral fiber”moral fiber”

Not conforming Not conforming

Full-time housewifeFull-time housewife

American Housewife-American Housewife-

Art Imitates LifeArt Imitates Life

““The Wild Ones”The Wild Ones”

Indictment of American fearIndictment of American fear

Doing nothing while othersDoing nothing while othersstood up stood up

1952 – “High Noon”1952 – “High Noon”

Dalton Trumbo – Dalton Trumbo – most famous and talentedmost famous and talented

30 Seconds Over Tokyo30 Seconds Over TokyoCourt-Martial of Billy Court-Martial of Billy MitchellMitchellThe Brave One *The Brave One *Bridge on the River Kwai Bridge on the River Kwai **Roman Holiday *Roman Holiday *The SandpiperThe SandpiperHawaiiHawaiiExodusExodusSpartacusSpartacusJohnny Got His GunJohnny Got His GunExecutive ActionExecutive ActionPapillonPapillon

Miller-Miller-Interested in the tragedy of people who, Interested in the tragedy of people who, under social pressure, lose their integrityunder social pressure, lose their integrity

Many lost their sense of decency and community Many lost their sense of decency and community when they went along with the crowd towhen they went along with the crowd toContinue persecution of the innocent.Continue persecution of the innocent.