Chapter 13 Companion site for Light and Video Microscopy Author: Wayne

Chapter 13Companion site for Light and Video Microscopy

Author: Wayne

Companion site for Light and Video Microscopy. by Wayne Copyright © 2009 by Academic Press. All rights reserved.

2

Diagram of a silicon wafer with excess electrons and holes.

FIGURE 13.1


3

Energy diagram of a conductor (A), an insulator (B), and a semiconductor (C).

FIGURE 13.2


4

Diagram of a p-n junction and the electrical potential across it.

FIGURE 13.3


5

Diagram showing a p-n junction and the electrical potential across it when it is connected to a battery with a forward (A) or a reverse (B) bias configuration p-n junction without bias (---); p-n junction with bias (—).

FIGURE 13.4


6

Millions of photodiodes in an array. Each photodiode constitutes one pixel.

FIGURE 13.5


7

Diagram of a charge-coupled device (CCD).

FIGURE 13.6


8

Producing a voltage signal by reading out a charge-coupled device.

FIGURE 13.7


9

If the light intensity is too low, the electrons from neighboring wells can be combined in a process called binning. Binning increases the speed and decreases the spatial resolution of the imager in a way analogous to increasing the speed and decreasing the spatial resolution of film by making larger grains.

FIGURE 13.8


10

Diagram of the processes that contribute to the total system throughput.

FIGURE 13.9


11

Diagram of a photomultiplier tube. Anode (A), dynode (D) and cathode (C).

FIGURE 13.10


12

Diagram of a typical video tube.

FIGURE 13.11


13

Diagram of how a video tube creates the voltage signal of each pixel.

FIGURE 13.12


14

(a, b) Transformation of an optical image composed of points with different intensities into an electrical signal, whose amplitude at each point in time represents the intensity of a point in space.

FIGURE 13.13


15

Generation of a composite video signal.

FIGURE 13.14


16

The vertical resolution is smaller than we would predict from the number of scan lines because it depends how the image on the imaging surface aligns with the scan lines.

FIGURE 13.15


17

Mask used to determine the resolution of an imagine device (A), the ideal electrical response (Q), and the actual electrical response (P).

FIGURE 13.16


18

Increasing the resolution of the video camera by adjusting capacitors and resistors that influence the rise time. Square wave of object (a), under-compensated (b), over-compensated (c), optimally compensated (d).

FIGURE 13.17


19

Graph depicting the amplitude response versus number of TV lines.

FIGURE 13.18


20

A monitor converts an electrical signal into an optical image.

FIGURE 13.19


21

The brightness (offset or black level) and contrast (gain) controls on a monitor lets you process the image to get maximal resolution. Original signal (a). Signal after increasing the contrast (b) and decreasing the brightness (c).

FIGURE 13.20


22

Diagram for connecting video components together.

FIGURE 13.21

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Chapter 13 Companion site for Light and Video Microscopy Author: Wayne