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© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
See website below for PowerPoint
www.mccarthyenglish.weebly.com
Other Punctuation Marks
Chapter 11
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
End Marks
• A sentence always begins with a capital
letter. It always
– a period
– a question mark, or
– an exclamation point.
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Period (.)
Use a period after a
sentence that makes a
statement.
Sam is seven feet tall.
Use a period after most
abbreviations.
Dr. Butcher M.D.
Ms. Marple A.M.
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Question Mark (?) Use a question mark
after a direct question.
“What color is that
Martian?” Ed asked.
Do not use a question
mark after an indirect
question.
Sue asked how Ed’s
therapy was going.
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Exclamation Point (!)
Use an exclamation point
after a word or
sentence that
expresses strong
feeling.
Wow! This liver is tasty!
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• The colon is often a mark of introduction.
Use the colon at the end of a COMPLETE
statement to do the following:
1. Introduce a list which explains the
complete statement.
EXAMPLE: The music store sells a wide variety
of items: compact discs, cassettes, and
clothes.
Colon (:)
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
2. Introduce a long quotation.
EXAMPLE: The policy is stated on the door: All
our merchandise is considered valuable. Those
who enter this store are responsible for their
behavior. This includes children, who must be
supervised. If any customer damages any
merchandise, he must pay for it.
Colon (:)
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
SEMICOLON (;)
• The semicolon is used to join two
complete thoughts that are so closely
connected that you want to write them as
one sentence.
Marty was not a cashier; he was a sales
associate.
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
HYPHEN (-) There are two uses for the hyphen.
1 . With two or more words that act as a
single unit describing a noun.
The one-of-a-kind Christmas wreaths were very
expensive.
2. To divide a word at the end of a line of
writing or typing.
The salespersons attended training sessions to in-
sure that even when customers are antagonistic,
the staff responds politely.
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Dashes (--)
• Dashes are used to set off information that
interrupts the flow of sentences.
• Use dashes to show an abrupt beak in
thought.
Your prize will be a cruise to Bermuda—
assuming you win the contest.
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
PARENTHESIS ( )
• Use parentheses to set off extra or incidental
information from the rest of a sentence.
In modern malls the food court (once a simple soda
fountain) has become a meeting place for friends.
NOTE: Sometimes parentheses enclose letters
or numbers that signal items in a series.
SPECIAL NOTE: DO NOT USE
PARENTHESES TOO OFTEN. They can
make you seem uncertain or hesitant.
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Apostrophe
• There are two different uses of the
apostrophe.
• Use the apostrophe with a contraction, a
shortened form of a word.
• Use the apostrophe to show ownership or
possession.
• A cowboy’s outfit can’t help but
stand out in a crowd.
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Contractions
• When two words are combined to make
one word, an apostrophe is used to show
where letters have been omitted. This is
called a contraction.
• Contractions are reserved for informal
occasions.
I + have = I’ve
did + not = didn’t
let + us = let’s
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Note:
The word it’s
has two meanings. It is
OR
It has
It`s too late to watch a
cowboy movie.
(It is too late.)
It`s been years since
cowboy songs were
popular.
(It has been years.)
Contractions
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Quotation Marks (“ ”)
There are two main uses of quotation
marks:
1. To set off the EXACT words of a speaker
or writer.
2. To set off the titles of short works.
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Use quotation marks to show the exact
words of a speaker or writer.
NOT NEEDED
Jennifer said that she enjoyed shopping for
clothes.
NEEDED
Jennifer said, “I enjoy shopping for clothes.”
Quotation Marks (“ ”)
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
– A comma sets off the quoted part from the rest of the sentence.
– Periods at the end of the quote go INSIDE the quotation marks.
– Commas that come at the end of a quoted section go inside the quotation marks.
• EXAMPLE: “If the mall opens at nine,” David said, “we can eat breakfast there.”
• EXAMPLE: Ryan explained, “The skis are on sale until tomorrow.”
Using Punctuation with Quotation
Marks (“ ”)
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Capitalization • EXAMPLE: Martha explained, “The flower
shop is my favorite store to visit.”
– Every quotation begins with a capital letter.
• EXAMPLE: “Bands play music every
Wednesday night,” Jason said, “especially in
the new coffee shop.”
– When a quotation is split, the second part does
not begin with a capital letter unless it is another
complete sentence.
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Titles • The second main use of quotation marks
is with titles of short works.
– With titles of major works we use
italics.
– If a font with italics is not available, the titles
of long works are underlined.
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• Use quotation marks to set off the titles of
articles, short stories, poems, and songs.
• Long works such as novels, magazine titles, and
movies are either in italics or they are
underlined.
– Example: The bookstore sells Teen Fad magazine
which has the article “Why Tattoos Attract Men.”
Titles
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
To set off special words or phrases from the
rest of a sentence.
Rob’s “nutritious lunch” consisted of a candy bar and
a bag of corn chips.
To mark a quote within a quote. For this
purpose, use single quotes.
Jamie said, “My favorite short story is ‘Twirling’ by
Carolyn Murphy.”
Titles
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
When Octavian later known as the Roman
Emperor Augustus declared war against
Cleopatra and Mark Anthony, the queen
insisted on taking part in the military
campaign.
Insert punctuation where necessary.
Punctuation Review
Answer: When Octavian (later
known as the Roman Emperor
Augustus) declared war against Cleopatra
and Mark Anthony, the queen
insisted on taking part
in the military campaign.
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The storm was savage it demolished most
of the coastal town.
Insert punctuation where necessary.
Answer: The storm was savage ; it demolished most of the coastal town..
Punctuation Review
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Catherine the Great established new
institutions in Russia the first Russian
school for girls, a medical college, and
health care for her subjects.
Insert punctuation where necessary.
Answer : Catherine the Great
established new institutions in Russia:
the first Russian school for girls,
a medical college, and
health care for her subjects.
Punctuation Review
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
People believe that Marie Antoinette said,
Let them eat cake.
Insert punctuation where necessary.
Answer : People believe that Marie Antoinette
said, “Let them eat cake.”
Punctuation Review
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Kerry replied When the Habsburg family
reigned in Europe, one very successful
ruler was a woman. What was her
name?
Insert punctuation where necessary.
Answer: Kerry replied, “When the Habsburg
family reigned in Europe, one very successful
ruler was a woman. What was her name?”
Punctuation Review
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
I always get confused Bernie said about
Mary Queen of Scots.
Insert punctuation where necessary.
Answer: “I always get confused,” Bernie said,
“about Mary Queen of Scots.”
Punctuation Review
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• My fathers biggest
barbecue is held on
the Fourth of July.
Incorrect:
father’s
Apostrophe Practice Review
Directions: Identify as correct or incorrect (Click to see answer.).
Other Punctuation Marks
English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Pocahontas was an influential character in
American history our own princess.
Insert punctuation where necessary.
Answer: Pocahontas was an
influential character in American
history – our own princess.
Punctuation Review