Chapter 10 Key Issue 2

8/18/2019 Chapter 10 Key Issue 2

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Chapter 10Chapter 10

Key Issue 2Key Issue 2Where Are AgriculturalWhere Are Agricultural

Regions in Less DevelopedRegions in Less DevelopedCountries?Countries?


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Shifting CultivationShifting Cultivation

Shifting cultivation is practiced in much of the world’sShifting cultivation is practiced in much of the world’stropical regions. Farmers clear land for planting ! slashingtropical regions. Farmers clear land for planting ! slashingvegetation and urning the deris" this is called the slashvegetation and urning the deris" this is called the slashand urn agriculture.and urn agriculture.

#he cleared land is called swidden and crops grown will#he cleared land is called swidden and crops grown will

include rice $Asia%& mai'e and manioc $South America%&include rice $Asia%& mai'e and manioc $South America%&millet and sorghum $Africa%.millet and sorghum $Africa%. Farmers will onl! grow crops on a cleared field for a fewFarmers will onl! grow crops on a cleared field for a few

!ears until the soil nutrients are depleted and then the! will!ears until the soil nutrients are depleted and then the! willleave it fallow $nothing planted% so that it can recover.leave it fallow $nothing planted% so that it can recover.

#his t!pe of agriculture occupies aout one (uarter of the#his t!pe of agriculture occupies aout one (uarter of the

world’s land area ut onl! supports aout )* of the world’sworld’s land area ut onl! supports aout )* of the world’spopulation.population. As rainforests are eing cut& shifting cultivation is eingAs rainforests are eing cut& shifting cultivation is eing

cut" especiall! in the Ama'on asin& shifting cultivation iscut" especiall! in the Ama'on asin& shifting cultivation iseing replaced ! logging& cattle ranching& and cash crops.eing replaced ! logging& cattle ranching& and cash crops.


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Pastoral NomadismPastoral Nomadism

+astoral nomadism is another t!pe of e,tensive susistence+astoral nomadism is another t!pe of e,tensive susistenceagriculture that involves nomadic animal husandr!.agriculture that involves nomadic animal husandr!.

-t is practiced in the dr! climates of the developing world. #he-t is practiced in the dr! climates of the developing world. #helivestoc provide food& clothing& and shelter.livestoc provide food& clothing& and shelter.

#he animals will var! depending on cultural preferences and#he animals will var! depending on cultural preferences andph!sical geograph! ut man! include goats& camels& horses&ph!sical geograph! ut man! include goats& camels& horses&

sheep& or cattle.sheep& or cattle. +astoral nomads have a strong sense of territorialit! which+astoral nomads have a strong sense of territorialit! which

determines the land that the! occup!.determines the land that the! occup!. Some pastoral nomads practice transhumance& which is theSome pastoral nomads practice transhumance& which is the

seasonal movement of livestoc etween mountains and lowlandseasonal movement of livestoc etween mountains and lowlandpasture areas.pasture areas.

+asture is grass or other plants grown for feeding livestoc& as+asture is grass or other plants grown for feeding livestoc& aswell as land used for gra'ing. #his t!pe of agricultural s!stem iswell as land used for gra'ing. #his t!pe of agricultural s!stem ison the decline as modern technolog! is resulting in the conversionon the decline as modern technolog! is resulting in the conversionof land from nomadic to sedentar! agriculture.of land from nomadic to sedentar! agriculture.


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Intensive Subsistence AgricultureIntensive Subsistence Agriculture

Some susistence agriculture is intensive& where farmersSome susistence agriculture is intensive& where farmerswor land more intensivel! to susist.wor land more intensivel! to susist.

-ntensive susistence agriculture is practiced in much of-ntensive susistence agriculture is practiced in much ofAsia on small plots and mostl! ! hand.Asia on small plots and mostl! ! hand.

Wet rice is the dominant crop in Southeast Asia& includingWet rice is the dominant crop in Southeast Asia& including

China. Wet rice is planted in dr! soil in a nurser! and thenChina. Wet rice is planted in dr! soil in a nurser! and thenmoved to seedlings in a flooded field. #he flooded field ismoved to seedlings in a flooded field. #he flooded field iscalled a sawah $padd! is the /ala! word for wet rice%.called a sawah $padd! is the /ala! word for wet rice%.

-n parts of Asia farmers can get two harvests per !ear from-n parts of Asia farmers can get two harvests per !ear fromone field. #his is nown as doule cropping.one field. #his is nown as doule cropping.

Where wet rice is not dominant in Asia& more than oneWhere wet rice is not dominant in Asia& more than one

harvest can e otained each !ear through crop rotation&harvest can e otained each !ear through crop rotation&which is the practice of using different fields from crop towhich is the practice of using different fields from crop tocrop each !ear to avoid soil e,haustion.crop each !ear to avoid soil e,haustion.


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Plantation armingPlantation arming

+lantation agriculture is the onl!+lantation agriculture is the onl!

significant large0scale commercialsignificant large0scale commercial

agriculture in the developing world.agriculture in the developing world.

+lantations will speciali'e in crops that will+lantations will speciali'e in crops that willusuall! e e,ported to other countriesusuall! e e,ported to other countries

such as sugarcane and coffee.such as sugarcane and coffee.

#he! have t!picall! een owned ! foreign#he! have t!picall! een owned ! foreign

companies and are ver! laor intensive.companies and are ver! laor intensive.

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Chapter 10 Key Issue 2