Chapter 1 (The Expansion Of European Influence In The East)

8/14/2019 Chapter 1 (The Expansion Of European Influence In The East)

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CHAPTER 1

THE EXPANSION OF EUROPEAN

INFLUENCE IN THE EAST

O you believe! Eat not up your property among yourselves

unjustly except it be a trade amongst you, by mutual

consent. And do not kill yourselves (nor kill one another).

Surely Allah is Most Merciful to you.

(An-Nisaa:29)

OFF


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1.1 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

At the beginning of the 16th Century, Portuguese, Spanish,

Dutch, British and French came to the East to trade.In the 18th Century, the

Industrial Revolution

began in Europe.

More goods could beproduced in a shorter

time and at cheaper

prices.

Machines were invented.

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1.2 RIVALRY AMONG EUROPEAN POWERSAsia was seen by Europeans as

a market to sell manufactured goods

a place to get raw materials


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Europeans needed a port of call along the India-China trade route.

RIVALRY AMONG EUROPEAN POWERS

Reasons why

European traders

needed port of call

in the East

A place to

harbour ships

A place to

repair ships

A place to

obtain food

supplies

A place to

conduct trade


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1.2 RIVALRY AMONG EUROPEAN POWERS

Rivalry occurred when all the European powers wanted to bethe supreme power in the East.

Anglo-French Rivalry in

India

Because of this, British

looked for a newstrategic naval base in

Southeast Asia

In 1784, Sir Francis

Light suggested Penang

Sir Francis LightOFF


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However, Penang did not become a naval base because

Unsuitable trading centre;

too far north of Malay

Archipelago

Unsuitable as dockyard;

invention of steamships that

could sail against wind

Lack of

skilled

manpower

High

administration

costs; toomany high-

salaried

officials

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Anglo-Dutch Rivalry

Kew Letters of 1795 allowed

British to take over Dutchpossessions, in order to prevent

French from seizing them

British occupied Java in 1811.Stamford Raffles was Lieutenant-

Governor of Java

Java returned to Dutch in 1816Stamford Raffles

Founding of Singapore led to rivalryOFF


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1.2

British continued looking for a suitable port in Southeast Asia.

Stamford Raffles landed in Singapore in 1819 and signed a treaty

with the Temenggong.

The Story behind the treaty

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1.2

In return Sultan Hussein gave the British permission to set up

a settlement in Singapore.OFF


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1.2

The Treaty of London 1824 (Anglo-Dutch Treaty)

To avoid war, the Treaty of London was signed. This divided the

Malay Archipelago into British and Dutch zones of influence.

The Dutch claimed

that Singapore wasunder their control

The British were

unwilling to give upSingapore



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Terms of the treaty: 1) Commercial

Holland allowed to retain spice trade

monopoly over the Moluccas only

Dutch treaties on tin for Perak and

Selangor cancelled

Most favoured nation treatment

No trade discrimination



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2) Financial

Dutch settled debts with British

3) Security

British and Dutch to co-operate to suppress piracy


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4) Territorial

No interference in each others area

British and Dutch to hand over ceded territories on 8 March

1825

Dutch to give Malacca to Britain in return for Bencoolen

Dutch to cede all bases in India and Malaya to Britain

Straits of Malacca divided into two zones of influence:

British North of Singapore; Dutch South of Singapore


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CHAPTER 1: SUMMARY

The Expansion ofEuropean

Influence in the

East

The Industrial

Revolution

Rivalry Among

European Powers

British Settlement

at Penang

The Anglo-Dutch

Rivalry

British Occupation

of Java

British Settlement

in Singapore

A New Chapter in the

History of Man

Discovery of new

sources of power

Invention of new

machines


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CHAPTER 1: SUMMARY


Influence in the

East

The Industrial

Revolution

Rivalry Among

European Powers

British Settlement

at Penang

The Anglo-Dutch

Rivalry

British Occupation

of Java

British Settlement

in Singapore

From 16th Century

European powers set

up colonial empires Anglo-French Rivalry


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CHAPTER 1: SUMMARY


Influence in the

East

The Industrial

Revolution

Rivalry Among

European Powers

British Settlement

at Penang

The Anglo-Dutch

Rivalry

British Occupation

of Java

British Settlement

in Singapore

1786

Founding of Penang

Unsuitable port of call

High administrative costs

Lack of skilled manpower


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CHAPTER 1: SUMMARY


Influence in the

East

The Industrial

Revolution

Rivalry Among

European Powers

British Settlement

at Penang

The Anglo-Dutch

Rivalry

British Occupation

of Java

British Settlement

in Singapore

18th 19th Century

Dutch and British

competing for control of trade

Holland at war with France

Kew Letters 1795 Britain

to take over Java


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CHAPTER 1: SUMMARY


Influence in the

East

The Industrial

Revolution

Rivalry Among

European Powers

British Settlement

at Penang

The Anglo-Dutch

Rivalry

British Settlement

in Singapore

British Occupation

of Java

1811

Stamford Raffles as

Lieutenant Governor of

Java

1816

Return of Java to the

Dutch


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CHAPTER 1: SUMMARY


Influence in the

East

The Industrial

Revolution

Rivalry Among

European Powers

British Settlement

at Penang

The Anglo-Dutch

Rivalry

British Settlement

in Singapore

British Occupation

of Java

1819

British possession of

Singapore

1824

Anglo-Dutch Treaty:

commercial, territorial,

financial and security

Documents

Chapter 1 (The Expansion Of European Influence In The East)