Chapter 1 | Slide 1

CHEM 110

Introduction to Chemical

Principles I

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CHE 110Introduction to Chemical Principles I

Instructor: Dr. Larry TirriOffice: CHE 218Lectures: 002 MTWR 12:15 PM – 1:45 PM

TBE B172Phone: 895-4281Email: larry.tirri@unlv.edu

or use WebCampus emailOffice Hours: MTWR 11:00 AM – 12:00 PM, MTWR 2:00 PM – 2:30 PM,

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Introductions

Instructor: Dr. Tirri

Students: Nursing MajorsPursuing BSN

Diploma RN – Working Professionals

LPN, etc. – Working Professionals

Kinesiology, Food & Beverage Mgt.

Non-Science Major Science Lab Elect.

Others need CHE 121, CHE 122

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Retention vs. Involvement

What is best way to approach learning? Reading Observing Studying Discussing Doing

Chemistry is a science, mastered by DOING !!!

Chapter OneChapter One

Basic Concepts

of Matter

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© Gary Braasch/CORBIS

Basic Concepts of Matter

Volcano Burning and Erupting

Several Physical andChemical Changesoccur during thisProcess.

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What is Chemistry ?

Chemistry is …

What is matter?

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What is Chemistry ?

Scope: Broad, all encompassing

Advertisements frequently use terms such as Chemical Free and All Natural. Is this true?

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Classification Systems: Physical States

• Solid• Liquid• Gas

Properties:• Physical• Chemical• Hazardous / Toxic

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Fig. 1.1 Solid, liquid, and gas states

Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

David Schultz/Getty Images

Fig. 1.2 Water can be found in the solid, liquid, and vapor (gaseous) forms simultaneously.

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Solid:

Liquid:

Gas:

State of matter is dependent on temperature, pressure, strength of forces between particles

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Classification Systems: Physical States

• Solid• Liquid• Gas

Properties:• Physical• Chemical• Hazardous / Toxic

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Physical Properties: Physical State: dependent upon temperature and

pressure. Add heat to a solid. Add heat to a liquid.

Solid ↔ Liquid Melting Point Liquid ↔ Gas (vapor) Boiling Point

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

The melting of ice cream is a physical change involving a change of state; solid turns to liquid.

Phil Degginger/Color-Pic

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

MP oC BP oC

O2 -218 -183

N2 -210 -196

H2O 0 100

I2 114 184

Fe 1535 2885

Differences may distinguish one from another.

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Other Physical Properties: Color Odor Hardness Density Solubility

All Physical Properties are observed without changing the basic identity of the substance.

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Chemical Properties:Characteristic that describes the way a substance

Cu (copper) objects turns ________ when exposed to ____, ______ and ______

Au (gold) objects ___________ Fe forms ________(rust) when exposed to ______ and

____________ Ag (silver) ____________, ________

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Fig. 1.3

The green color of the Statue of Liberty results from the reaction of copper with the components of air.

Andy Levin/Photo Researchers

Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

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Fig. 1.5

As a result of chemical change, bright steel girders become rusty when exposed to moist air.

Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

C.C. 1.1 "Good" versus "Bad" Properties for a Chemical Substance

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

“Good vs Bad” CO Coumadin Acetaminophen

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Concept of Properties → Observed Changes Physical Changes – Change in physical appearance

• Solid → Liquid → Gas

• Solid → Gas Sublimation CO2 I2

Chemical Changes – Change in Chemical composition and changes in chemical properties.

4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3

C + O2 → CO2

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Concept of Properties → Observed Changes Physical Changes – ____________________________

• _________ → _________ → ____________

• _________ → _____ ________ _____ ____

Chemical Changes – _________________________ and changes in ____________ properties.

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

CAG .1

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Pure Substances vs Mixtures A Pure Substance is _________________ that cannot

be _________ into other kinds of matter by any _____________ means.

A Mixture is a _________ ____________ of _____ or _______ pure substances in which each substance ___________ its own ___________ __________.

• Each substance

• ____________and ___________• ________________ composition

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A magnet and a mixture consisting of potassium dichromate (orange crystals) and iron fillings.

(b) The magnet can be used to separate the iron fillings from the potassium dichromate.

James Scherer James Scherer

Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Fig. 1.6a

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Fig 1.7 Matter falls into two basic classes; pure substances and mixtures. Mixtures, in turn, may be homogeneous or heterogeneous.

Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

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Fig 1.8 A pure substance can be either an element or a compound.

Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

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Fig. 1.9

Questions used in classifying matter into various categories.

Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

CAG 1.2

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Fig. 1.10 Outward physical appearance of naturally occurring elements

________ _______

_______

______ ______ ____

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Fig. 1.11

Abundance of elements in the universe and in Earth’s crust (in atom percent)

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

C.C. 1.2 Elemental Composition of the Human Body

60.5% 25.7% 10.7% 2.4% 0.7% Other

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Table 1.1Elements in Red plus

As, Bi, Cr

Ag _________________

Au _________________

Cu _________________

Fe _________________

Hg _________________

K _________________

Na _________________

Pb _________________

Sn _________________

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Fig. 1.12 A computer reconstruction of the surface of a sample of graphite (carbon) as observed with a scanning tunneling microscope. The image reveals the regular pattern of individual carbon atoms. The color was added to the image by computer.

Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Image courtesy of Veeco Instruments Inc.

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Fig. 1.13

254 million atoms arranged in a straight line would extend a distance of approximately 1 inch.

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Fig 1.14 Molecular structure of (a) chlorine, (b) phosphorus, and (c) sulfur

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Fig. 1.15 Depictions of various simple

heteroatomic molecules using models. Spheres of different sizes and colors represent different kinds of atoms.

Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

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Example 1.2 Classify each of the following molecules as (1) diatomic, triatomic, etc. (2) homoatomic or heterotomic and (3) representing an element or a compound.

Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Practice Example 1.2 Classify each of the following molecules as (1) diatomic,

triatomic, etc. (2) homoatomic or heterotomic and

(3) representing an element of a compound.

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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

Chemical Formulas Combination of ________ _________ to represent a

____________ or _____________ ______________ used to identify more than _____

________ of an __________ Parentheses used to represent a ________ of _______

that represent a ________, such as