Please!!!!!• Silence your cell phones.

• Be considerate of

your neighbor.

Automotive/Repair & Automotive/Repair & Fleet ManagementFleet Management

18 May 2010 RNO 9:00-12:0018 May 2010 RNO 9:00-12:0023 June 2010 LV 9:00-12:00 23 June 2010 LV 9:00-12:00

Presented by:Presented by:

Refer to the Environmental, Health, and Safety Agencies listing!

Who’s Looking?

Air Quality

State Fire Marshal and/ orLocal Fire Dept.

Hazardous Waste

Federal EPA &

NDEP/County

Wastewater Discharge

Worker SafetyOSHA

Why Do You Need An

Environmental Compass??• To prevent spills, leaks, or accidents that could

harm the environment or your business.• To make common sense decisions that will save

you money.• To have a safer working place for you and your

employees.

A Walk About

HazardousWaste

Elements of Hazardous Elements of Hazardous Waste ManagementWaste Management

• Waste Determination.

• Generator Status.

• On-Site Management.

• Spill Response.

• Record Keeping.

Generator Status• CUMULATIVE OF ALL HAZARDOUS

WASTES PER MONTH. Do not count exempted wastes: Used Oil, Oil

Filters, Antifreeze, Lead Acid Batteries.

• DO NOT “AVERAGE”.

• Generator status can change monthly…manage your business accordingly.

Category Generation

Limit Storage

Time Storage Quantity

Requirements if Limit(s) are Exceeded

Conditionally -Exempt Small Quantity Generator (CESQG)

< 100 kg/mo (less than 220 lbs) of hazardous waste <1kg/mo (2.2 lbs) of acutely hazardous waste

None none

1,000 kg (2,200 lbs) of hazardous waste 1 kg (2.2 lbs) of acutely hazardous waste

If generator exceeds generation limit, waste is subject to LQG or SQG requirements depending upon amount exceeded If generator exceeds storage quantity limit, waste is subject to SQG requirements. If generator exceeds generation limit, waste is subject to LQG requirements.

Small Quantity Generator (SQG)

100 to 1,000 kg/mo (220-2,200 lbs) of hazardous waste

180 days (or 270 days if waste must be shipped over 200 miles)

6,000 kg (13,200 lbs) of hazardous waste

If generator exceeds generation limit, waste is subject to LQG requirements If generator exceeds storage time or quantity limits. Facility is subject to storage facility (TSD) requirements

Large Quantity Generator (LQG)

>1,000 kg/mo (2,200 lbs) of hazardous waste >1kg/mo of acutely hazardous waste

90 days None If generator exceeds time limit. Facility is subject to storage facility (TSD) requirements.

100kg = 220 lbs. or approximately 26 gallons

Disposal Matrix

TOOLS FOR MAKING A TOOLS FOR MAKING A WASTE WASTE

DETERMINATIONDETERMINATION• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).

• Product Manufacturer.

• Process Knowledge.

• Environmental Laboratories.

• Business Environmental Program.

Is It A Hazardous Is It A Hazardous Waste?Waste?

• Four Questions to ask:Is it a solid waste?Is it exempt or excluded?Is it listed?Is it characteristic?

* Asking these questions should keep mistakes in identifying hazardous waste to a minimum (40 CFR §262.11).

Identify if the Waste is Identify if the Waste is a Solid Wastea Solid Waste

• A Solid Waste May be a Solid, Liquid, or Gas.

• A material is a solid waste if it is “Discarded”:Abandoned;Burned;Recycled.

• A material must be a Solid Waste before it can be a Hazardous Waste.

If you answer NO to question #1

• Stop!! You do not have a hazardous waste!

Exclusions/ExemptExclusions/Exempt

• Domestic Sewage.

• Industrial Wastewaters covered under the Clean Water Act.

• Irrigation Return Flows.

• Household Hazardous Waste.

• 40 CFR §261.4 for complete list.

• Now determine if the waste is:Listed?Characteristic?Both Listed & Characteristic?

• Keep All Determinations on File.Even if the waste is non-hazardous.

Waste DeterminationWaste Determination

Is it Listed?Is it Listed?• F LIST - Wastes From Non-Specific Sources

Such as Solvents, Still bottoms, and Plating Wastes.

• K LIST – Specific Wastes From the Chemical Manufacturing Industry.

• P, U LISTS – Discarded and/ or, Off-Specification Chemical Products, Container Residues and Spill residues.

P - ACUTE HAZARDOUS WASTE.U - TOXIC HAZARDOUS WASTE.

4 Hazardous 4 Hazardous CharacteristicsCharacteristics

A hazardous waste can be defined by one or

more of the following:

IgnitabilityIgnitability = D001 = D001

CorrosivityCorrosivity = D002 = D002

Reactivity Reactivity = D003= D003

Toxicity = D004 –D043Toxicity = D004 –D043

Characteristics of Hazardous Waste

• IGNITABILITY

• FLASHPOINT LESS THAN 140º F

• EPA Hazardous Waste Code D001

• Paint thinner, gasoline, alcohol, solvents

Characteristics of Hazardous Waste

• CORROSIVITY

• pH< 2 or pH > 12.5

• EPA Hazardous Waste Code D002

• Hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide

Characteristics of Hazardous Waste

• REACTIVITY-

• NORMALLY UNSTABLE, EXPLOSIVE, REACTS VIOLENTLY WITH WATER OR FORMS TOXIC GASES.

• EPA Hazardous Waste Code D003.

• Cyanide or sulfide bearing waste when

• Exposed to pH conditions between 2 and 12.5.

• Can generate toxic gasses.

Characteristics of Hazardous Waste

• TOXICITY-

• LABORATORY ANALYSIS.TCLP.7-11.

• EPA Hazardous Waste Code D004 - D043.

A Few Auto Repair Related Wastes that May

Require Analysis• Sand/Oil Separator Sludge.• Solvents, High-Flash Or Aqueous Cleaning &

Degreasing Solutions.• Paints.• Paint Booth Exhaust Filters.• Beads, Sand blast media, or sanding residue

TCLP Testing• Measures the potential to seep or "leach" into groundwater if a waste is landfill disposed.

• 40 parameters, specific regulatory limit for each.

Examples from the 40 CFR §261.24 Table 1

EPA HW Code Contaminant Regulatory Level

D018 Benzene 0.5 mg/L

D008 Lead 5.0 mg/L

D009 Mercury 0.2 mg/L

D035 Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) 200 mg/L

D039 Tetrachloroethylene 0.5 mg/L

D043 Vinyl Chloride 0.2 mg/L

Universal Waste• Streamlines collection and management

standards for certain hazardous waste streams:Batteries;Recalled/suspended pesticides;Mercury thermostats;Used fluorescent, neon, mercury vapor,

sodium and HID lamps.

Universal Waste

• Intent is to encourage recycling.

• Does not count toward generator status.

• Shows attempt to reduce the volume and toxicity of hazardous waste.

F-tubs

A Walk About

Bulb Crushing is not Universal Waste

Bulb crushing is considered treatment.

Is not allowed to be managed under Universal Waste.

A business that uses a bulb crusher must follow 40 CFR §262 & all hazardous waste regulations.

This will count toward the monthly generator status.

Mercury control device is required.

Waste determination of uncrushed bulbs.

Full training40 CFR §265.16

Basic training40 CFR

§262.34(d)(5)(iii)

Not required40 CFR §261.5

Basic training geared toward

employee responsibilities

40 CFR §273.36

Basic training40 CFR §273.16Personnel

Training

Required40 CFR §262.20

Required40 CFR §262.20

Not required40 CFR §261.5

Not required, must keep shipping

records40 CFR §273.39

Not required40 CFR §273.19

Manifest

90 days40 CFR §262.34(a)

180 days or 270 days if waste

must be shipped over 200 miles

40 CFR §262.34(d) & (e)

None40 CFR §261.5

1 year, unless for proper recovery,

treatment, or disposal

40 CFR §273.35

1 year, unless for proper recovery,

treatment, or disposal

40 CFR §273.15

Storage Time Limit(without a storage permit)

NoneLess than 6,000 kg (13,200 lbs)

40 CFR §262.34(d)(1)

1,000 kg (2,200 lbs)1 kg acute

100 kg spill residue from acute

40 CFR §261.5(f)(2) & (g)(2)

No quantity limitLess than 5,000 kg (11,000 lbs)

40 CFR §273.9On-Site Accumulation Limit

Required40 CFR §262.12

Required40 CFR §262.12

Not required40 CFR §261.5

Required40 CFR §273.32

Not required40 CFR §273.12

EPA Identification Number

generates greater than 1,000 kg

per monthgreater than 1 kg acute per month40 CFR §262 and

§261.5 (e)

generates100 to 1,000 kg (220—2,200 lbs)

per month 40 CFR §260.10

generatesless than 100 kg (220 lbs)

per month less than 1 kg (2.2 lbs)

acute per month40 CFR §261.5(a) and (e)

accumulates5,000 kg (11,000

lbs) or more on site at any one time40 CFR §273.9

accumulatesless than 5,000 kg (11,000 lbs) on site

at any one time 40 CFR §273.9

Quantity Handled by Category

Large Quantity Generator

(LQG)

Small Quantity Generator

(SQG)

Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity

Generator (CESQG)

Large Quantity Handler of

Universal Waste(LQHUW)

Small Quantity Handler of

Universal Waste(SQHUW)

Hazardous Waste Generator Requirements Universal Waste Handler Requirements

Mercury Containing Equipment

Mercury Containing Equipment

• Mercury Containing Equipment (MCE) is:Thermostats;Barometers; Manometers; Temperature and pressure gauges; and Mercury switches.

Vehicle Switch Removal

• Which vehicles contain mercury?Not all vehicles contain mercury switches, and

many phased them out. American vehicles manufactured before 2001 & foreign cars before 1992.

• Where are the mercury switches located?Most often found in car’s hoods/trunks.

• Are there alternatives to mercury switches?Yes: ball bearing to trigger the electrical

connection.

Vehicle Switch Removal

• What should I do if I break a mercury switch or capsule?Harmful if inhaled, ingested or handled.Clean small spills on nonporous surface by

wiping up and sealing the cloth in a plastic bag.

Purchase a mercury spill kit.Never use a vacuum to clean up spill.Never use a broom to sweep the mercury.

Other/Exempt Wastes Streams

• Specific types of waste are not regulated as hazardous waste provided that they are managed properly. Examples include:Automotive Batteries;Wipers and Rags;Used Antifreeze;Used Oil;Oil Filters.

A Walk AboutBatteries

Batteries

Automotive Batteries

• If picked up for recycling, not considered hazardous waste.

• Keep receipts on file to document recycling.

• If cracked, prepare a waste determination prior to disposal (D002, D008).

• Remember to store in a cool, dry, and safe place!

Rags

A Walk About

Wipers and Rags• If disposed, you must determine if they are

hazardous waste:Listed solvents;Toxic characteristics.

On-site Management Strategiesfor Fluids• Used Oil.

• Used Antifreeze.

• Spent Solvents.

• Paint and paint related wastes.

• Sand/oil separator waste.

Used Oil

UsedOil Filters

A Walk About

Used Oil• Label as “USED OIL”.• Do not mix with hazardous

waste.• Contaminated Fuels – keep

separate from used oil.• Can self transport up to 55

gallons to a recycler.• Does not count toward

generator status.

Management Suggestions for

Used Oil• Secondary Containment.

• Keep drums or containers out of the environment.

• Drum Funnels/ KEEP CLOSED.

• Give preference to companies who re-refine your used oil.

• On-site used oil furnaces.

• Secondary Oil Filtration.

Oil Analysis Program

• Decrease the amount of oil purchased/ waste.

• Double oil life.• Reduce labor.

Re-refined Oil

QUICK FACTS:

• Re-refined oil is the same quality as virgin oil and carries the API seal of certification.

• It takes 1 gal of used oil to make 2½ qts of re-refined oil. It takes 42 gals of crude to make the same 2½ qts of virgin oil.

• Recycling oil, could save the US 1.3M bbls/day.

Synthetic Transmission Fluid & Gear Oil

• Synthetic transmission fluid has extended service intervals 3 x’s that of normal fluid, reducing downtime and maintenance costs.

• Synthetic gear oil is the only gear lube now used for all vehicles, reducing down time and improving lubrication.

• Antifreeze is collected and sent to recycling.

Oil Filters

• Puncture the dome end.• “Hot Drain” (60 F), minimum of 12

hours.• Once punctured and drained, can be

thrown to the trash.• Don’t have to crush the filters.• Fuel and other filters are not exempt.

Reusable Oil Filters• Applicable for fleet applications, and

others.

• Reduce on-site filter inventory.

• Can last the lifetime of the vehicle.

• Eliminates used oil filter management.

Used Antifreeze

A Walk About

Used Antifreeze• If recycled, no waste

determination needed.• Does not count toward

generator status.• Keep receipts for at least 3

years.• Can Self transport up to 350

gallons.

Management Techniques for Used Antifreeze• On-site recycling.

Closed loop recycling.Batch recycling.Rapid payback

• Mobile Recycling Service (NDEP Written Determination Required).

• Off-site recycling.

Solvent

A Walk About

Solvent Recycler/Distillation

Units

Why Recycle Solvent?

• Protect the environment:Primary source of hazardous waste;Major contributor to air and water

pollution.• Reduce time and money spent on

managing hazardous waste.• Achieve regulatory compliance.• Reduce future liability (through on-site

recycling).

Simple Distillation Unit: Sidewinder(1) Load

(2) Latch on lid

(3) Push to start

(4) Recycled Solvent

Still bottoms

Distillation unit

On-Site Vs. Off-Site Recycling• Consider the following when evaluating

recycling options:Cost;Recycled product quality;Hazardous waste storage, handling, and

disposal concerns; Fire and electrical safety concerns;Regulatory concerns; End use concerns.

Off-Site Vs. On-Site Recycling: Cost

• On-Site Solvent Distillation: $2,500 to $6,000 capital cost, equipment;

$3,400 per year, HW disposal.

• Cost comparison calculator:http://p2library.nfesc.navy.mil/

P2_Opportunity_Handbook/8_I_4.html

http://p2library.nfesc.navy.mil/econs/8i4.xls

On-Site Vs. Off-Site Recycling Summary

• On-Site Solvent Distillation.Advantages:

Cost effective, compared to off-site recycling cost; Inventory and storage reduction;Reduces long term liability from off-site treatment and

disposal.

• Off-Site Solvent Recycling Service.May be most cost effective option if:

Small waste stream; or Solvent waste is not routinely generated.

Advantage: using reclaimed rather than virgin solvents;

Disadvantages:Service and transportation costs;Off-site transportation, treatment and disposal liability.

Aqueous Cleaners • Reduces Hazardous Waste Generation.• Improves workers safety.• Increases workers productivity.• Low or no Volatile Organic Compounds

(VOC’S) emissions.• CANNOT BE DISCHARGED TO THE

SEWER WITHOUT DIRECT PERMISSION FROM YOUR LOCAL SEWER AUTHORITY.

www.dtsc.ca.gov/PollutionPrevention.htm

3 Factors to Consider…..

• Mechanical Action

•Time

•TemperatureSuccess

Types of Aqueous Cleaners

• Microbial Sink Tops.

• Immersion Units.

• Spray Cabinets.

• Ultrasonic Units.

Microbial Sink Tops

• Light Duty Cleaning.• Manual cleaning of parts.• Microbes digest the oils and organic

constituents.• Microbes are safe to humans and extend

the life of the bath.• Low capital cost.• Does not dry or chap technician’s hands.

Immersion Units• When you need to soak.

• Light to moderate soil buildup.

• Turn on and walk-away, increases worker productivity.

• Temperatures 110-120 oF, oil skimming available.

• Reduction in cleaning labor with high level of cleaning performance.

Spray Cabinets

• Heavily soiled or large parts.• Turn on and walk-away, increases worker

productivity.• Temperatures 130-190 oF, oil skimming

available.• Reduction in cleaning labor with high level of

cleaning performance.• Large cleaning capacities available.• Test sludge prior to disposal.

Ultrasonic Units

• Clean blind areas.

• Transmissions, carburetors and other hard to clean parts, with blind holes and hidden areas.

• Temperatures 140-185 oF, oil skimming available.

• Significant reduction in cleaning labor with high level of cleaning performance.

AerosolCans

A Walk About

Don’t Forget these Waste Streams

• May be hazardous and require waste determination:Aerosol Cans;Filters;Machine Oils.

MATERIAL SUBSTITUTIONMATERIAL SUBSTITUTION

•Replace aerosol solvents with compressed air sprayers and citrus-based cleaners for cleaning and degreasing.

Baseline: Disposable Aerosol Cans

Environmental Concerns

• Propellants are greenhouse gases:CO2, propane, butane

• Empty cans.

• Partially-filled cans.

propellants

cleaning products

P2 Alternative: Refillable Bottles

• Metal Bottles: pressurized with shop air• Plastic Bottles: pressurized with hand

pump

Chemical Label

Show the contents of the bottle on the label

Payback Threshold If you use 20 aerosol cans per month or

more:Payback < 1 year and annual savings =

$250

1) A shop uses 13-fluid oz. of aerosol cans at a cost of $2 per can.

2) No disposal costs.3) 5 refillable spray bottles are purchased at $50 each.4) Bulk product costs $10 per gallon.

Before:Brake cleaningaerosol cans per year 260 ($3.09

each).

After:Refillable Spray Bottles. 10 (1-quart) Capital cost. $400Bulk product cost/gallon. $14.00Annual Savings. $1,654Payback Period. 3 months

Case Study 1: City of Sunnyvale

Spill Clean ups/Dry Floors/Waste Water

A Walk About

What the heck does Spill Hot Line mean?Call the hotline as soon as possible:

1-888-331-6337Tell them what happened. Tell them where you are. Ask if they are recording the incident and

request the time, for your records, andThe name of the duty officer.

Clean it up or call a contractor. Don’t wait for emergency responders. They may join you there.

Make repairs if needed.

Keep a record of what you did.

Reporting amounts are 25 gallons or 3 cubic yards.

Clean UpSafety hazard/contaminate wash waterEnvironmental ConcernsUse drip pans2nd containmentDry shop 4 step AbsorbentsSeal floorsPower washing

Absorbent materials

Put them where your staff can get at them.

Secondary ContainmentWe recommend it.

Spills that remain inside the containment are not releases.

What is Industrial Wastewater Discharge?

• Is any wastewater that released into the waters of the State through pipes, sewers, or other means.

• For auto shops, industrial wastewater is generated from car washing, floor washing, and general cleanup.

• If your shop is connected to the sewer system a wastewater discharge permit is required through a local sewer authority.

Environmental Concerns

• Heavy metals from sanding waste.

• Oil, grease, and coolant from vehicles.

• Toxic chemicals from cleaners, strippers, solvents, and paints.

• Soaps from car washing.

Spill Prevention - Storage

• Closed containers: Hazardous materials.

• Secondary containment: Inspect for leaks and spills.

Spill Prevention – Storage Vehicles

Use drip pans and vehicle spill control procedures: Check-in vehicles. Put down drip pan as needed. Note disconnected hoses and leaks for other shop employees.

Spills• Develop spill response Policy &

Procedures:Include training.

• Clean up drips and small spills right away:Mark drains.Drain inserts.

Drain Inserts

• Last line of defense.• Make sure BMPs and

spill prevention. practices are in place upstream.

• Inspect regularly and clean or replace insert.

Maintain Clean Floors

• Prevents tracking.

• Routine cleaning:Schedule time;Vacuum or Sweep.

• Clean up spills right away.

• Seal floors.

Training• Shop specific.• Hazardous materials handling.• Spill prevention.• Spill response in your shop:

Location of spill equipment;Drain covers, emergency containment.

• Routine safety meetings.• Compliance and P2 workshops.

Labels/Containers/Storage

A Walk About

Container Requirements

• Empty Containers.

• Satellite Accumulation.

• Labeling.

• Central Accumulation Area.

• Inspections.

Hazardous Waste Containers

Use containers that are Use containers that are compatible with the chemical compatible with the chemical waste.waste.

Use appropriate size Use appropriate size containers.containers.

Keep containers capped and Keep containers capped and store them in a safe location.store them in a safe location.

Do not store incompatible Do not store incompatible chemicals together in chemicals together in flammable cabinets.flammable cabinets.

Hazardous Waste Containers

Label containers and keep Label containers and keep them closed. them closed.

Only collect wastes that Only collect wastes that are compatible in the same are compatible in the same container. Avoid mixing container. Avoid mixing different kinds of waste.different kinds of waste.

Remember, a hazardous Remember, a hazardous waste mixed with a non-waste mixed with a non-hazardous waste becomes hazardous waste becomes hazardous waste.hazardous waste.

Good Condition ?

Common Violation• Open Containers:

Securely Closed unless waste is being added or removed;

Only open when adding or emptying.

• Funnels in drums don’t mean they’re

closed!

Empty Containers• Empty Containers:

Good faith effort (all the material that can be removed has been removed);

Less than 1 inch of residue or 3% or less by weight of total capacity;

If “P’ listed must be triple rinsed.

Empty?

Containers Must be Labeled or Marked

Clearly!• Hazardous Waste.

• Description Of The Waste.

• The Accumulation Start Date.

• The EPA Waste Code.

Labeling

Satellite Accumulation

• CESQGs & SQGs may co-locate Satellite Containers with Central Storage.

• LQGs must justify “At or Near the point of generation”, AND “Under the control of the process operator”.

• Up to 55 gallons of hazardous waste or 1 quart acutely hazardous waste.

Satellite Accumulation Area

• Within 3 days of the container becoming full:Date. EPA Waste Code.Transfer to central storage.

• Mark or label the container with the words “Hazardous Waste”, or other words that identify the content of the containers*:

* City of Sparks must use full HW labeling.

Central Accumulation Area

• Proper handling.• Access control.• Containment.• Waste segregation.• Protection from the weather.• Additional requirements for LQG.

Container Staging

Accumulation Time Limits

• CESQG- Cannot store more than 1,000 kg (2,200 lbs) at any time or more than 1kg (2.2 lbs) of acutely hazardous waste.

• SQG- 180 days or 270 days if waste is shipped greater than 200 miles away.

• LQG- 90 days.

Container Inspections

• SQG and LQG required to inspect the hazardous waste storage area weekly.

• Inspections must note:Date and Time of Inspection;Name of Inspector (Signature);Observations made;Date and Time of any corrective actions.

• Maintain written records of inspections for at least 3 years.

2010Hazardous Waste Compliance Calendar

ASSISTING NEVADA BUSINESSES WITH ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND

ENERGY EFFICIENCY ISSUES

(800) 882-3233www.envnv.org

This calendar was developed by the Business Environmental Program with funding provided by the Washoe County District Health Department.

Model Shop Checklist

Convert solvent based cleaners to Aqueous parts washer.

Segregate, drain, crush, and recycle used oil filters.

Battery exchange to reduce storage of acid & excess batteries, and exchange batteries will be recycled.

Business response plans submitted and updated annually.

Emergency spill kits available, spill response training.

Closed loop vehicle washing facilities. (Recapture water)

Seal all shop floors with impermeable coating…epoxy.

Use re-refined oil / analysis to extend oil change intervals.

Stencil all storm drains “No dumping…”

Implement a “Dry-shop clean up method“.

Lead Wts/Tires

A Walk About

Lead Free Weights

EPA estimates that 1.6 million pounds of lead is abandoned on U.S. roadways from weights that have fallen off wheels.

Lead from wheel weights is a potential contributor of lead in the environment. Lead wheel weights can be washed into storm drains that connect to creeks, rivers, and ultimately the ocean. Lead wheel weights also can be abraded from traffic, creating

lead dust and contaminating the air. Lead dissolves in water and contaminates and endangers the

aquatic food web.

Alternatives to Lead

• Alternatives to lead weights, including those made of zinc, plastic, or steel; lead-free tape weights; or those made of a zinc alloy called ZAMA (composed of zinc, aluminum, and copper).

• It is important to note that some lead alternatives may be more environmentally preferable than others.

•  Scientists have significant concerns about elevated zinc and copper exposure because of their toxic effects on aquatic plants and animals.

Tires

• QUICK FACT - It takes 22 gals of oil to make a new truck tire. It only takes 7 gals to make a retread.

• Fleet Services analysis of different treads & compounds led to a tire providing over 20% more wear than a new tire.

• Fleet Services contracts with a waste tire company that recycles old tires into speed strips and playground rubber matting.

Change to Low Rolling Resistance Tires

• Tires have a direct impact on fuel economy.

• The amount of the impact depends on the rolling residence of the tire model.

• A tire with low rolling resistance loses less energy.

• Reducing the average rolling resistance of 10% can equal to a 1-2% increase in fuel economy.

Low Rolling Resistance Tires

• Verified Low Rolling Resistance Tires: EPA determined that certain tire models can

provide a reduction in NOx emissions; An estimated fuel savings of 3% or greater;When used on all five axles on long haul class

8 trucks. 

Secret to driving Down your Fleet

EmissionsLow Rolling Resistance Tires:Rolling resistance is fundamentally the

parasitic energy a tire consumes while rolling under load.

It is estimated that 5%-15% of light-duty fuel consumption is used to overcome rolling resistance for passenger cars.

For heavy trucks, this quantity can be as high as 15%-30%.

Future Trucks

Fleet Services Goals• Be a good steward of the environment.

• Reduce green house gas emissions to lowest level possible, while increasing fuel economy.

• Convert fleet to all alternatively-fueled vehicles:Bio-diesel;E-85;CNG; Hybrid vehicles;Electric vehicles;Other…CNG/Hybrid, Plug-in Hybrid,

Hydrogen, ???

Explore Lower-Carbon Fuels

• Not all fuel are created equal in terms of greenhouse gases emissions.Diesel, gasoline and other all emit different

amounts of carbon.For example, per gallon, gasoline emits 8.81 kg of

carbon dioxide.Diesel emits 10.15 kg.

Other variables such as energy content and more efficiency of the engine. Diesels travel 30% father on a gallon of fuel than gasoline model.

Ultra Low Sulfur / Bio- Diesel

• QUICK FACT – 30 x’s less sulfur. Sulfur is a major cause of particulate emissions.

• B20 has reduced CO2 by over 1.6 million lbs and reduced reliance on foreign oil.

20% less hydrocarbons.

16% less carbon dioxide.

Cleaner Diesel• To clean diesel emissions, Fleet Services has

installed “Diesel Particulate Filters” (DFP) on vehicles reducing particulate emissions by 86%.

• Purchased particulate cleaning system to clean filters onsite, reducing down time and costs.

Cleaner Diesel

• Before DPF After DPF

Strategies to Increase Fuel efficiency for Medium Duty

Trucks• Medium-duty trucks emits an average of

over 13 metric tons of carbon dioxide per vehicle each year.

• Focusing on reducing these emissions-including ongoing emissions measurement-needs to be the core of any fleet “Greening’ effort.

Strategies to Increase Fuel efficiency for Medium Duty

Trucks• Existing diesel vehicles can use retrofit

devices to reduce the emissions.

• To increase the adoption of these devices, the U.S. Federal government and states have made funding available to purchase some of these devices.

• www.Edf.org/greenfleet

Select Lower-Carbon Vehicles

• The most important environmental decision a fleet manager makes is which vehicles to have in the fleet.

• Relatively minor changes in vehicle selection can result in significant environmental-and financial-benefits over time.

Hybrids

Toyota Prius Hybrids

Ford Escape Hybrids

E 85 Vehicles

Chevrolet Uplander

Dodge Grand Caravan

Chevrolet Tahoe

Alternative Fuel Vehicles

CNG Buses

CNG Sedans

Bi-Fuel Pick Up Trucks

Electric Utility / NEV Vehicles

Utility Carts

NEVs

Electric Vehicles• Advantages of NEVs:

Cost 3-4¢ / mile vs. over 35-40¢ / mile for gas engines.

Have zero tailpipe emissions. Less maintenance costs.Legal to drive on roads posted 35 MPH or less.Most charging is at night when electric load is

low.“Fast chargers”, decreasing charging time and

increasing range and utilization.

High Efficiency Advanced Technology Vehicles

Move to Lower GVW Trucks

• Lighter and less power trucks are more fuel efficient.“Right-Sizing” their fleet-selecting trucks that

are no longer more powerful than necessary for their application.

Avoid the common pitfalls of spec’ing the entire fleet based on a “great power demand” scenario.

High Efficiency Advanced

Technology Vehicles• Hybrid electric vehicles, hydraulic hybrids and electric vehicles all have the potential of increasing the fuel efficiency.

• Fuel efficiency improvements between 15% and 50% are likely form these advances technology engines.

High Efficiency Advanced

Technology Vehicles• They are also a good fit for fleets with auxiliary power needs, such as utility trucks, which can draw from the electric battery to run onboard equipment, eliminating idling and further increasing fuel saving.

• In practice: For years, Frito Lay used 24 foot Class 6 straight trucks for urban grocery store deliveries. They found they could use 20 foot class 5, with fuel savings 10%.

Alternative to Idle Reduction

Alternative to Diesel Truck Idling

• Turn off the engine:Simplest way, and can be very effective

• Automatic engine shut down:Several engine manufactures incorporate into

their engines a timing feature that will automatic turn off the engine.

Telematics-tracking & program for shut down.• Advance Truck Electrification Facilities:

Located in the window and provide, security, heat/air, electrical outlet, cable, wi-Fi

www.idleaire.com

Engage Divers in Reduction

• How the vehicle is operated significantly affects fuel consumption and emissions.

• The drivers of your company’s vehicles have a vital role to play in reaching corporate greenhouse gas emission reduction goals.

Inform Drivers About Fuel-Smart Driving Practices• Smart driving habits increase fuel

consumption.

• Inform drivers about these habits and provide clear guidance on their adoption.

• EPA list a series of tips on optimizing fuel economy.

Recognize Driver Performance

• Fleets that track vehicle performance by driver or vehicle can leverage the competitive instinct of their drivers.

• Consider openly ranking drivers by achieved mpg, time spent idling or other criteria.

• In practice: Early in 2008 Poland Spring decided to focus on reducing idling time. Through a onboard computer system, they knew

their fleets were idling as much as 1,400 hours per month.

Recognize Driver Performance

They openly talked to the drivers and rank them. Times dropped because of human nature. No one likes to be on the bottom of the list.

Idling dropped from 1,400 hours to 380 hours.Cutting fuel consumption by 8,000 gallons and

green house gases emissions by about 77 tons per year.

They were able to save roughly $20,000.00 in fuel over the year.“We just made suggestion & asked them to use

their own best judgment”.

TIPS FOR FUEL-EFFICIENT DRIVING:

• You can boost the overall fuel-efficiency of your vehicle as much as 30% by simple vehicle maintenance and attention to your style of driving.

• Here are some tips on fuel-efficient driving that will not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants, but could save you hundreds of dollars a year in fuel costs.

TIPS FOR FUEL-EFFICIENT DRIVING:

• Service your vehicle regularly, according to the manufacturer's instructions. A poorly tuned engine can use up to 50% more fuel and produces

up to 50% more emissions than one that is running properly.

•   Air filters: Dirty air filters can also cause your engine to run at less than peak

efficiency . Clogged filters can cause up to a 10% increase in fuel

consumption.

• Oil: Using the correct viscosity oil is important because higher viscosity oils have greater resistance to the moving parts of the engine, and therefore use more gas. Clean oil also contributes to better gas mileage

TIPS FOR FUEL-EFFICIENT DRIVING:

• Monitor power accessories. Be sure to shut off all power-consuming

accessories before turning off the ignition. That way, you decrease engine load the next time you start up.

• Tighten your gas cap. If you don't tighten up the gas cap to the second click, gas can evaporate. According to the Car Care Council (carcare.org),

loose, missing or damaged gas caps cause 147 million gallons of gas to evaporate every year.

TIPS FOR FUEL-EFFICIENT DRIVING:

• Changing your oil ?Disposing of used motor oil by pouring it into storm or

sewer drains creates a risks to human health and environment.

• Used oil from a single oil change can ruin a million gallons of fresh water, a year's supply for 50 people.Pour all collected used oil into a clean, empty,

sealable container such as a plastic milk jug. Specialized used oil containers can be purchased at local auto parts stores.

Take it to a used oil collection site (UOCS) that accepts and recycles used motor oil.

Preventive Maintenance

Program• A proactive preventive maintenance program can help track the usage of fleet vehicles, record data and compare it to the manufacturer’s recommended service intervals.

• The underlying intent is to always perform maintenance on-schedule for optimal service life and performance.

• This strategy applies equally to fleets that perform their own maintenance, and those who outsource maintenance to a third party.

• Preventive maintenance programs are crucial to increasing vehicle life and efficiency, reducing downtime, cutting costs, and improving overall fleet safety.

Retrofits• Diesel engines are significant generators of

fine particles and toxic emissions. • Modern diesel engines have come a long

way in reducing soot and particulate emissions.

• Reducing diesel particulate emissions can result in improved air quality, along with improved health for fleet employees (drivers and mechanics) who are exposed to diesel exhaust on a daily basis.

Car Sharing/Vehicle Lease

• It is recommend that fleets ensure competitive bidding guidelines for vendors that give preference to car sharing or car rental companies providing “green” vehicles to fleets.

• The applicant’s policy should require that external partners implement at least one of the Fleets Best Practices (or more if possible) into contracts with car sharing or rental car vendors.

Tracking the GHG Emissions

• As you consider implementing 1 or more of these strategies, it is important to understand your starting point.

• Successful fleet environmental. management means actively measuring & reducing your fleet’s greenhouse gas emissions over time.

Create Fuel/Mileage Data Capture System

• Carbon dioxide emissions, the dominant greenhouse gas emitted by trucks, can be tracked form good fuel consumption data.

• Each fuel type has a volume-specific carbon dioxide coefficient.

• If you don’t have the information on you fuel usage, consider working with your card provider.

• Capture fuel consumption is the 1st step in managing emissions.

Greening Fleets

Green Fleet• Fleet vehicles often rack up more than

twice the amount of mileage, fuel consumption and emissions of personal vehicles.

• A typical fleet of 500 vehicles can put over 6,000 tons of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the air each year. GHG is a primary driver of global warming.

Green Fleets Planning

• A well thought-out Green Fleets Plan is one of the most important steps to effectively greening your fleet.

• When developing a Green Fleets Plan, recommends fleet managers draft a brief policy statement or objective.

• This document should identify why a green fleet is important: identify the goals your organization hopes to

accomplish: and lays out the budget and metrics required to meet

the desired goals.

Green Vehicle Purchasing Policy

• Time to replace or purchase additional vehicles: Consider the greenest options possible to help reduce air pollution: Hybrid, E-85 Flex Fuel, biodiesel and natural gas vehicles are readily

available in a variety of diverse applications to meet the needs of many fleets.

• "Right-Size" For Vehicle/Equipment Purchases:It is advantageous for fleets to purchase the most appropriate size and class of vehicle for the intended application. Having “too much vehicle” for the job is not only a waste of resources,

it can often have a negative impact on the environment. In cases where smaller vehicles are purchased, the fleet will usually

save money, given that smaller vehicles are typically less expensive than larger vehicles.

Consider Goals/Metrics for Tracking Emission

Reductions• A goal of emission reduction is lowering GHGs emissions.

• Tracking progress against your goal, consider tracking other metrics in addition to total fleet GHGs emissions.GHGs per miles traveled;GHG per ton mile;GHGs per vehicles.

Green Fuels and Efficiency Measures

• Recommend that fleets implement a policy encouraging the active use of alternative fuels and/or electricity to the maximum extent possible.

• Replacing petroleum-based fuels with renewable fuels can, in many cases, reduce both greenhouse gases and toxic diesel emissions.

• The consider alternative green fuels to be used, biodiesel blends (B20 or higher), ethanol blends (E85 or higher), natural gas and electricity.

Results• Companies that have fully implemented

Green Fleet and have reduced their fleet emissions on average by 14% and operating costs by 7%.

• For a typical fleet of 100 sedans, a 7% decrease in operating costs can be as much as $75,000 per year, plus the impressive reduction in GHG emissions.

Spec for Efficiency

Spec for Efficiency• Some of your vehicles components can be

optimized to achieve better fuel efficiency and lower emissions.

• In practice: Kraft Foods operation the larges fleet that needs to be temperature-controlled.Purchased a Durastar diesel electric hybrid

equipped with a RouteMax refrigerated body/cold plate.

Saved 1,4000 gallons of fuel per year.

Install Routing Software

• Vehicle tracking and routing software can monitor fleet operations and ensure that vehicles use the most efficient routes and maintain schedules.

• Fleets with a dense multi-stop delivery network are likely to benefit the most for software solutions to improve routing.

• Telematics: Blending of computer/wireless

Install Automatic Engine Shutdown

• Approximately 7% of all single-unit truck fuel is associated with idling.

• Frequent stops or wait in their vehicles for long periods may benefit form idling-control.

• Automatic engine shutdown can be programmed through the ECM.

Transmission Adjustment

• Fuel efficiency is heavily influenced by transmission and engine throttle operations.

• Reprogramming to upshifts at lower speeds.Factory settings are set for maximizing power,

not fuel economy.Be carful to not underpower the vehicle that

can just be as bad.

Limit vehicle Speeds• Speed reduction is the most effective

strategies for improving fuel efficiency.

• Truck power requirements (& fuel use) tend to increase above 40 mph.So limiting top highway speed is effective way

to save money.Limiting truck speed to 60-65 mph is money

saver.

Aerodynamic Improvements

• Lower the vehicle’s drag coefficient.

• Aerodynamic of front cab and front bumper, grill hood and mirrors is a money saver.

• After market equipment for single-unit trucks and van style bodies.

• Stapes company trucks have automatic transmissions and they lowered the RPMs to shift at a higher gear. A savings of 12-16% fuel.

Reduce Vehicle “Tare Weight”

• Reducing tare (empty) weight of the truck, fuel economy is improved.

• Less weight reduces both inertial loads and rolling resistance.

• Fuel economy savings can be particularly substantial in smaller truck classes because of tare weight makes the use of lighter weight components.

Fuel Economy Effect of Tare Weight

Reduction TrucksTruck Class

GVWR Range Average Tare Weight (lbs)

Fuel economy improvement for each 1,000 lbs of tare weight reduction

4 14,001-16,000 10,343 5.6%

5 16,007-19,500 10,413 4.7%

6 19,501-26,000 13,942 3.9%

7 26,001-33,000 18,094 2.8%

8A 33,001-60,000 23,525 1.9%

8B 60,000+ 28,979 1.1%

Electronic Control Modules (ECM)

• Electronic control modules (ECM) appeared in the 1980s.

• On board computer that included engine/ transmission control units.

• Some of the ECM can control the fuel consumption by reducing top speed.

Deploy Alternative Power Sources for

Auxiliary Operations• Alternative power for auxiliary operation can reduce fuel use.

• Examples include using electric motors instead of the truck engine.

Auxiliary Power Units (APUs)

• Small power unit of 5-10 horsepower.Runs heat/air units.Warms engines in cold weather.

• Cost $5000.00 - $10000.00 per unit.

Diesel Powered Direct-Fired Heater

• Units run off diesel fuel and heats the engine coolant.

• Cabs are heated by heater exchanger.

• NO air conditioning is supplies.

• Cost $1000.00 - $5000.00.

Battery-Powered Engine Coolant Heater/and Evaporative Cooling

systems• Coolant heater are similar to the diesel-powered direct fired heaters.Run the cab heater and heat the engine.

coolant without providing air conditions.

• Cost $550-$700.

• Evaporative cooling systems are used to provide air conditioning to the cab. NO heat provided.

• Cost approximately $1500.

External Battery Pack

• Separate battery pack is used to power independent air condition system and a compact air-heating system for heat.

• Cost approximately $3500.00.

• www.epa.gov/smartway/index.htm

Alternative Fuel Vehicle Emissions

• Vehicle emissions are known to negatively affect air quality and human health.

• For these reasons, emission reduction plays a role in many fleet and consumer decisions to acquire alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs).

• However, many drivers don't know that emission reductions vary between alternative fuels.

Reduce Waste and Emission

• Pollution Prevention – Substitute Less hazardous materials, improve efficiency of processes and material utilization, improve product design.

• Eliminate Waste at the Source rather than managing, treating, or recycling wastes.

• Business Environmental Programwww.envnv.org

• Western Sustainability Pollution Prevention www.wsppn.org

Fuel Sense Training• Fuel Sense is a training program on fuel efficiency

practices that combines practical and classroom training to realize fuel efficiency.

• The program instructs drivers to operate vehicles for maximum fuel efficiency while considering operational needs.

• Participating drivers learn techniques such as reducing idling time and planning more efficient routes.

• A computerized fuel dispensing system tracks the fuel usage of individual drivers to allow Fuel Sense to measure results at regular intervals.

WHAT IS P2 ?Source Reduction

Materials

Pollution

Control

Product

Waste

Process

Pollution Prevention

Input

BENEFITS OF P2

• Improved worker health and safety.

Minimize exposure to hazardous products.

Improved training leads to safer work practices.

BENEFITS OF P2

• Cost Savings:Savings in material, supply, and tracking costs

Reduced liability;

Elimination of expensive clean-up costs.

Policy/Procedural Change.Equipment Modification.Material Reuse.Material Substitution.Process Efficiency Improvements.Improved Housekeeping.Inventory Controls.

SEVEN P2 TECHNIQUES

WASTE MINIMIZATION IN YOUR SHOP

• Purchase less hazardous material.Purchase less hazardous material.

• Use it more efficiently.Use it more efficiently.

• Reduce waste management cost.Reduce waste management cost.

• Reduce insurance costs.Reduce insurance costs.

• Reduce labor, recordkeeping, reporting Reduce labor, recordkeeping, reporting and regulatory requirements.and regulatory requirements.

• Feel good and make more money.Feel good and make more money.

EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT

• Understanding management Understanding management policy / accountability.policy / accountability.

• Education and training.Education and training.

• Participation in compliance and Participation in compliance and waste minimization projects.waste minimization projects.

EmergencyPlan

EPA ID#/Manifest/P3/BGR

The Last Walk About

What are my Basic Responsibilities as a

Generator of Hazardous Waste? Follow procedures for labeling, storing and Follow procedures for labeling, storing and

disposing of hazardous waste. disposing of hazardous waste.

Minimize the amount of waste generated.Minimize the amount of waste generated.

Maintain proper records and paperwork.Maintain proper records and paperwork.

Prepare ahead of time for spills or other Prepare ahead of time for spills or other mishaps.mishaps.

Category Generation

Limit Storage

Time Storage Quantity

Requirements if Limit(s) are Exceeded

Conditionally -Exempt Small Quantity Generator (CESQG)

< 100 kg/mo (less than 220 lbs) of hazardous waste <1kg/mo (2.2 lbs) of acutely hazardous waste

None none

1,000 kg (2,200 lbs) of hazardous waste 1 kg (2.2 lbs) of acutely hazardous waste

If generator exceeds generation limit, waste is subject to LQG or SQG requirements depending upon amount exceeded If generator exceeds storage quantity limit, waste is subject to SQG requirements. If generator exceeds generation limit, waste is subject to LQG requirements.

Small Quantity Generator (SQG)

100 to 1,000 kg/mo (220-2,200 lbs) of hazardous waste

180 days (or 270 days if waste must be shipped over 200 miles)

6,000 kg (13,200 lbs) of hazardous waste

If generator exceeds generation limit, waste is subject to LQG requirements If generator exceeds storage time or quantity limits. Facility is subject to storage facility (TSD) requirements

Large Quantity Generator (LQG)

>1,000 kg/mo (2,200 lbs) of hazardous waste >1kg/mo of acutely hazardous waste

90 days None If generator exceeds time limit. Facility is subject to storage facility (TSD) requirements.

100kg = 220 lbs. or approximately 26 gallons

Disposal Matrix

Federal EPA ID Numbers

• NVD123456789:CESQG Not required by Federal EPA or

NDEP;CESQG Disposing of hazardous waste

in other states may be required to obtain an EPA ID number;

All SQG and LQG are required to have an EPA ID Number.

Manifest Must be used by Small Quantity

Generator (SQG) and Large Quantity Generator (LQG) of hazardous waste.

Not required for Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator (CESEG) of hazardous waste.

Preparedness and Prevention Plan

P3• Emergency Coordinator.

• Spill Response.

• Reportable Quantities.

• Preparedness and Prevention.

• Contingency Plans.

• Training.

Biennial Generator Reports (BGR)

• Due March 1, 2010.

• If your facility has a Federal EPA ID # you are required to submit a report.

• BEP will be conduct a Seminar on the BGR in January 2012.

Recordkeeping Review

• Operational Records– EPA ID Number– Waste Determination– Training Records– Inspection Records

• Waste Disposal Records– Manifests– Land Disposal Restrictions– Tolling Agreements

• Preparedness and Prevention Records

– Preparedness and Prevention Plan

– Contingency Plan– Required Postings

Energy Lost = $$$ Lost

Energy• Green building.• Energy efficient lighting, controls, HVAC.• Energy Star equipment.• NV Energy Sure Bet Rebates including.

special programs Leased Space• Renewable energy

www.energystar.govwww.envnv.org

Facility Material and Energy Flows

MaterialsSuppliesEquipmentEnergy

Business or Organization

Wastes, Emissions

Products and Services

Transportation

Purchasing• Materials, Supplies, and Equipment

purchased have environmental impacts

• Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP) establishes criteria and screening for purchasing.

• EPP Best Practices Manual.www.green.ca.gov/EPP

Energy Efficiency Seminar

• Event: Energy Efficiency for Buildings seminar. RENO ONLY

• Date/Time: May 20th, 2010 at 8:00 a.m.

Speaker: Peter Millar

Contact:  Peter Millar

(775) 689- 6676;  Email:  pmillar@unr.edu

2010 Western Sustainability & Pollution

prevention Conference• Event: 2010 WSPPN Conference

• Date/Time: Oct 27& 28, 2010

• Location: San Diego CA

• Contact:  Donna Walden

• Phone: (775) 689- 6678 

• E-mail:  dwalden@unr.edu

The Big Question?

• Free and Confidential

• Hazardous Waste and Pollution Prevention Assistance

• Phone, email and on-site assistance

• Fact Sheet and Newsletter Publications

• Seminars and Group Presentations

• Energy Assistance

• Funding provided by Nevada Division of Environmental Protection and Federal EPA

Assistance Line (800) 882-3233, Las Vegas (702) 866-5927

www.envnv.org

Think P2/Green Up = • Please take a

moment and fill out the course evaluations.

• Please place them in the box on your way out.

• Thanks!