Chapter 1

Delays, Disorders, and Differences

What are they?

• Language Delay –

• Language Disorder –

Language Delay Example

• A child who does not speak his word until _____ rather than _____ months

• A child who does not combine words until rather than by ______________

Language Disorder

• May involve 1) ______ (phonology, morphology, syntax); 2) _______ (semantics); and/or 3) _____ (pragmatics) in any combination.

• A child who has a language disorder uses language behaviors that would not be considered part of ________________

• For example, when a delay extends into the early elementary school-age years, it may appear as a language disorder.

• Language Difference –

Linguistic Competence and Performance

• Linguistic Competence –

• Linguistic Performance –

Risk Factors

• Serious concerns expressed by a parent, primary caregiver, or professional regarding __________

• Parent or primary caregiver with _____________ mental illness, developmental disability, or mental retardation.

• Parent or primary caregiver with ______________

• Parent or primary caregiver with a ____________

• Family medical or genetic history characteristics...

*Page 4 in book

• What is an obvious indicator that a child may be at risk of language delays or disorders?

Early Intervention: Part C

• The National Early Intervention Longitudinal Study (2007) found: _________________ problems were the most

prevalent reasons for referral for early intervention (41%)

Pre- and perinatal problems (19%) Motor delays (17%) Overall delays (12%)

Early Intervention Study (con’t)

• The study noted that children with language delays were rarely identified before _______

• ____ of children entering early intervention after the age of _____ months had some variant of a speech or communication problem

Socio-Economic Impacts

• Poverty impacts _____________

• Single parent households

• Single parent households of black children

• Mother’s _______________

Risk factors exacerbated by persistent poverty

• Teen-age pregnancy

• Premature birth

• Poor health

• Inadequate nutrition

• Lack of housing

• Instability in family relationships

• Later school failure

Review of Table 1-5

Let ‘s Talk ……

What do we know about Language Development

• It is ___________________

• Developmental milestones are attained at about the same age _______________

• Developmental _______________

• Children go through development __________

• Individual children differ ________ from one another

Language Delays in Detail

• Types of Language Delays

__________________ __________________ __________________

Language Delay

• Child exhibits _________________; however, the language skills ______ those expected for his chronological age and level of _________ _______________

• Speech develops typically in the ________ __________________, just at a slower rate.

• Can refer to: Onset of usage of the language skill Rate of progression through the acquisition

process The sequence in which the skills are learned

Language Delay with Plateau

• Children follow a normal sequence of acquisition of language skills but __________ all of the skills expected for ______________

• Child progresses to a point, then _________

• Plateau may be due to: Physical illness, trauma, or psychological insult Progress in another area of development, such

as motor• Immature central nervous system is unable to

handle _____________________

Significant Language Delay

• Child acquires linguistic features in the normal sequence, but __________________ occur between the age the skill should be acquired and the age the child actually develops the skill

Language Disorders

• Disorders in ________

• Disorders in ________

• Disorders in ________

• Or any combination of the three

Disorders of Content

• Semantic deficits which are characterized by:

Slow acquisition of their ____________ Slow _______________ Difficulty with _______________ relationships Difficulty with __________________

Disorders in Form

• Phonological Disorder Consistent misuse of ______________

• Syntax Deficits (disorders) Decreased ______________ _________ speech Frequent ________________ Problems with ____________

• Morphology Deficits

Problems with:• • • • •

Disorders of Use

• Pragmatic disorders (use disorders)

Talking about something ____________• Rambling

Difficulty __________________ Difficulty with _______________ Difficulty with ________________

Language Differences

• Speech Community – A group of people who routinely and frequently use a _____________ to interact with each other.

• Difference – communication behavior meet the norms of the primary speech community but not the ________________

Dialect

• Areas of concentration to be considered:

Race and ethnicity Region Situation or context Peer group association and identification First language community and culture Gender

Review Case Study

• Page 31-32 of text book