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7/25/2019 Challenge of the 19th C.pptx
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CHALLENGE OF THE 19THCENTURY
The 1.advancementsof industia!i"ation# $.the %ide acce&tanceof the conce&t ofdemocac'# (. the
s&iit of !i)ea!ismand the *. +o%in+sa!uta' ,)ene-cia!e/ects of nationa!ism
%ee +adua!!'a/ectin+ the0hi!i&&ines duin+ the19thcentu'
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1. The Cha!!en+e ofndustia!i"ation
-. ndustia!i"ation
a&id!' +ainedmomentum in the $ndha!f of the 9thcentu'
-. ndustia! Revo!ution
had ta2en its &athto%ads deve!o&ment
-. The use of stee!# thediscove' of oi!#
+aso!ine ande!ecticit'# inventionof com)ustion en+ineti++eed the
motoi"ed a+e
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- 3afe# faste and moecomfota)!e means oftans&otation %ee
constucted- Faste means of
communication !i2ete!e&hone and
te!e+a&h ena)!ed&eo&!e to have )ettecontacts
- C!ose communication
)et%een the0hi!i&&ines and 3&ain%as no% feasi)!e,&ossi)!e
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- The 0hi!i&&ines asa souce of a%mateia!s and asma2et of-nished &oducts%as eventua!!'
da%n into theo)it ofintenationa!
tade afte 14(*- This ma2ed a
chan+e in the
economic and
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- The stu++!e fo theeco+nition of fameand %o2e %asimminent ,a)out toha&&en
- The o&&ession of the%o2in+ c!ass,&o!etaiat )' the
)ou+eois ,ca&ita!ist+ained su&&ot tosocia!ist &hi!oso&hes
- 3ocia!ism %as
e5&essed thou+hthe %o2s of 6a!7a5 %ith his )oo2the Communist
7anifesto
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8 The Fi!i&inos %ee a%aeof these mattes !i2e oseRi"a! and uana Luna
8 A!thou+h socia!ism %as
+ainin+ &o&u!ait'# theFi!i&inos in Euo&e %eemoe attacted to themanifestations ofdemocac' andnationa!ism
8 Fi!i&inos )e!ieved in theideas of ado&tion of aconstitution that
+uaanteed natua! andcivi! i+hts
8 The ideas of &o&u!asu/a+e and settin+ u& a&a!iament
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$. The A!teed 0ositionof the Catho!ic Chuch
- The Catho!ic Chuch in
Euo&e %as a &o%efu!in:uentia! institutionin the 19thcentu'
- The Chuch has )een
identi-ed %ith themonach' andaistocac'
- The chuch theefoe
%as consideed anadvesa' of the 'oun+Re&u)!ican states andecent!' uni-ed
counties
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- The Fench vie%ed theChuch as a theat tothei ne%!'
esta)!ishede&u)!ican state
- n 3&ain# the !i)ea!sconsideed the Chuch
an enem' of efoms- Othe counties
sou+ht to cutai! theChuch;s in:uence# to
)ea2do%n its&o!itica! &o%e# anddesto' its taditiona!conto! oveeducation
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- A movement %asesta)!ished ca!!ed acce&ted the
demands of modensociet' %ithoutsuendein+ itsdo+mas ,)e!iefs
- The ta!ian0a!iamenta'cutai!ed the 0a&a!soveei+n authoit' in
the ?atican
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- Ri"a! and othe Fi!i&ino!eades %ee e5&osed tothese efoms andmovements
- The 0hi!i&&ines %aso&ened to %o!d tadeand a ne% )eed ofmidd!e c!ass eme+ed
- The once o)edient and&assive Fi!i&ino no%)ecame a++essive in hisstu++!e fo his i+hts
-
so!ated 0hi!i&&inesactivated its citi"ens intoa evo!ution of chan+eand economicad@ustments
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(. The 0hi!i&&inesis a%n %ithin
the O)it ofBo!d Tade
- The )ene-cia!e/ects ofeconomic!i)ea!ism inEuo&e and U3
convinced 3&ainto a)andonmecanti!ism
- t e!uctant!'
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- 3&ain o&ened the0hi!i&&ine &ots tofoei+n tades statin+%ith 7ani!a in 14(*#
fo!!o%ed )' !oi!o#am)oan+a# Ce)u#Le+as&i and Tac!o)an
- The &esence of foei+n
tades and theiinvestments in the0hi!i&&ines !ed to&os&eit'
- These deve!o&ments
encoua+e socia!mo)i!it' and inteactionamon+ the &eo&!efaci!itatin+ c!oseundestandin+ and unit'
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8 Theseconveniences
a)etted,assisted the&eo&!e;sa%aeness of
the chan+esthat %ou!d+ive them a
)ette !ife
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*. The Ne% Deed ofNative 7idd!e C!ass
- The 19thcentu'
economic and socia!motivation a/ected ama2ed im&ovementin the standad of
!ivin+ of indios andmesti"os
- This +ou& )ecamethe foundation of a
+o%in+ midd!e c!ass- The' %ee a)!e to
send thei chi!den toschoo!s in 7ani!a and
Euo&e
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- D' this time#0hi!i&&ine
education )e+anto shae thee5istin+ !i)ea!sin Euo&e
- The Educationa!Refom eceein 149 odeed
theesta)!ishment of&u)!ic &ima'
schoo!s
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- The esuitso&ened a
seconda' schoo!su)sidi"ed )' the+ovenment
-
The esuits had)een in:uentia!in disseminatin++enea! &ima'
education
- m&ovin+methods of
instuction and
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- Natives had +one toschoo! and sma!! +ou&of co!!e+e students %as
in:uenced )' modenideas
- Contacts %ith socia! and&o!itica! deve!o&mentsin Euo&e and !i)ea!ism
%as +adua!!' fe!t aftethe o&enin+ of the 3ue"Cana!
- Li)ea! ideas !i2e
eua!it'# feedom ofs&eech# e&esentation#and soveei+nt' had fe!t)' Fi!i&inos
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. nitia! Res&onse tothe 19thCentu'Cha!!en+es
- ns&ied )' the&os&eousdeve!o&ments inEuo&e# Fi!i&ino
mem)es of theeducated midd!ec!ass as %e!! ase!i+ious# )e+an to
%o2 fo efoms- Thei s&iit and dive
fo immediatechan+e %as due to
acia! discimination
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- The -st united movea+ainst acia!discimination %asmade )' native c!e+'
- The' demand fo thei+ht to administe&aishes ,issue ofsecu!ai"ation
- The -s to cham&ionthe cause of the nativec!e+' %as a 3&anishmesti"o# 0ade 0edo
0e!ae"- He %as the
ecc!esiastica! +ovenoof the 0hi!i&&ines in14$
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- Fathe 0e!ae"used the &u!&it,Chuch andthe &ess toe5&ose andcitici"ed the
acia!disciminationa+ainst the
native c!e+'- Unfotunate!'
his -+ht ended
%ith his death
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8 Fathe ose A. Du+oscontinued fathe0e!ae";s un-nished
mission- He %o2ed fo c!eica!
eua!it' andsecu!ai"ation of&aishes
- The uni-cation ofFi!i&ino c!e+' %assten+thened )' thesense of identit'8 that
of )ein+ a nativeFi!i&ino c!e+' -+htin+fo the i+ht toadministe the &aishes
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. Futi!e 3&anish Attem&tsto nitiate Refoms
- Goveno Genea! 7anue!0avia ,14* and
Goveno Genea! Ca!os7a de !a Toe ,1498141 %aned the 3&anish+ovenment and
su++ested cetainefoms in the 0hi!i&&ines
- Goveno Genea! Rafae!"iuedo ,141814(# onthe othe hand# )!amed
hi+he education as themotivatin+ facto of thesean5ieties
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- He sou+ht to &ohi)itan' futhe odinationof Fi!i&ino &iests
- He su++ested that a!!native too&s )ee&!aced )' 3&anishso!dies
- Dut the 3&anish+ovenment cou!d nota+ee on &o!icies tocounteact thesu+in+ ,:o%in+ iseof nationa!isticsentiments of the
Fi!i&inos
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- The &o!itica! insta)i!it'in 3&ain a!so added the+o%in+ discontent of
the natives- Bith the de&osed of
sa)e!!a # 3&ainceated a 0ovisiona!
,!i)ea! Govenment- The' a&&ointed Gov.
Gen. Ca!os 7a de !aToe in the 0hi!i&&ines
- He initiated efomsand tied to cutai! thea)uses of a!ca!desma'oes
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- Ho%eve# the !i)ea!in 3&ain %asde&osed )' the
consevatives- e !a Toe %as
e&!aced )'
Goveno "uiedo- He estoed stict
censoshi& of the&ess# &ohi)ited
&o!itica! discussionsand sto&&ed thesecu!ai"ation of thenative &iests
h i i h d
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- These estictions hadadded thedissatisfactions of the
Fi!i&inos- 7utin' in Cavite
eu&ted on anua'$I# 14$
- The mutinees !ed )'3e+eant La 7adidadmia)!' sho%edthei -+htin+ s&iits
- Bithout food andsu&&ot# ho%eve# themutinees had to hoistthe %hite :a+ of
suende
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. Fi!i&ino 3entiment ofNationa!it' Aoused
- Bhen the ne%s of
Cavit' mutin' eached7ani!a# the aest of!i)ea! inte!!ectua!s%as odeed
- Amon+ those aested%ee mesti"os andnatives %ho %ee
most voca! insu++estin+ efomsduin+ e !a Toe;se+ime
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- The' %ee FathesGomes# Du+os#amoa# A+ustin
7endo"a# 7aianoLo&e" and Fe!icianoLo&e"
- A!! %ee +iven huied
tia!s and the thee&iests %ee e5ecutedin a +aote
- t had !ed to a moe
discontent mesti"os andnatives
- t +ave ise to thefomation of the
0o&a+anda 7ovement