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Ch 4 – The Periodic Table
After this lesson you will know:
• Metals, nonmetals, & metalloids.
• Periods & groups.
• Information in each box.
• Element families.
• Hydrogen & Helium are exceptions
• Trends of the Periodic Table
Li 3
He 2
C 6
N 7
O 8
F 9
Ne 10
Na 11
B 5
Be 4
H 1
Al 13
Si 14
P 15
S 16
Cl 17
Ar 18
K 19
Ca 20
Sc 21
Ti 22
V 23
Cr 24
Mn 25
Fe 26
Co 27
Ni 28
Cu 29
Zn 30
Ga 31
Ge 32
As 33
Se 34
Br 35
Kr 36
Rb 37
Sr 38
Y 39
Zr 40
Nb 41
Mo 42
Tc 43
Ru 44
Rh 45
Pd 46
Ag 47
Cd 48
In 49
Sn 50
Sb 51
Te 52
I 53
Xe 54
Cs 55
Ba 56
Hf 72
Ta 73
W 74
Re 75
Os 76
Ir 77
Pt 78
Au 79
Hg 80
Tl 81
Pb 82
Bi 83
Po 84
At 85
Rn 86
Fr 87
Ra 88
Rf 104
Db 105
Sg 106
Bh 107
Hs 108
Mt 109
Mg 12
Ce 58
Pr 59
Nd 60
Pm 61
Sm 62
Eu 63
Gd 64
Tb 65
Dy 66
Ho 67
Er 68
Tm 69
Yb 70
Lu 71
Th 90
Pa 91
U 92
Np 93
Pu 94
Am 95
Cm 96
Bk 97
Cf 98
Es 99
Fm 100
Md 101
No 102
Lr 103
La 57
Ac 89
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
METALS
Nonmetals
Metalloids
Label metals, metalloids, & nonmetals on your Periodic Table
METALSMETALS
NONMETALSNONMETALS
METALLOIDSMETALLOIDS
malleable, lustrous, ductile, good conductors
gases or brittle solids, poor conductors of heat and electricity (insulators)
(Semi-metals)dull, brittle, semi-conductors (used in computer chips)
Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids
Write these characteristics on the back of your Periodic table, but save room for more notes:
Electrons in Shells1. Shells – also called orbits or energy levels.
2. Shells surround the nucleus. 3. Electrons “live” in shells.4. Shells want to be full – 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 5. Electrons in outer shell make bonds = valence electrons
- they react to make full outer shell
Number the periods 1-7• Each row is a different period (Get it? PERIODic table.). • Elements have something in common if they are in the same row. • Same period = same number of shells (orbits).
– 1st period = 1 shell– 2nd period = 2 shells– 3rd period = 3 shells– And so on…
1
2
3456
76
7
Number the “tall” Groups 1-8• A column goes from top to bottom, it's called a group. • Elements in a group = same number of electrons in outer shell.
(Valence e-)– first column (group one) = 1 electron in outer shell. – second column (group two) = 2 electrons in outer shell, etc.– And so on– There are some exceptions to this rule with the transition elements
(short columns)1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8
Information in Boxes
Each box gives the following information:Atomic number –number of protons (also # of e-)
Symbol – for name of element
Atomic Mass – total number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus, so.. The number of neutrons is the Atomic Mass minus the atomic number.
•Electrons = 17•Protons = 17•Cl = Chlorine•Atomic Mass = 35 AMU (rounded)•Neutrons = 35-17 = 18
Sodium (Na) for Example
• How many electrons?
• How many protons?
• What its atomic mass (rounded)?
• How many neutrons?
• How many shells?
• How many valence electrons are in it’s LAST shell?
Where You Correct?
•Electrons = 11•Protons = 11•Atomic Mass = 23 AMU•Neutrons = 12 •Shells = 3•Valence electrons = 1
Alkali MetalsElements
Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs) and Francium (Fr).
They are very reactive. Why? – They all have one electron in
their outer shell. That's one electron away from being happy (full shells).
– Explosive in water
Interesting Facts. – Metal– shiny and light weight.
Color Code & Label Families of Elements
Alkaline Earth MetalsElements
– beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra).
2nd Most Reactive– give up two electrons
Interesting facts– Form bases in solution– Ra - glow-in-the-dark paints. – fireworks, batteries, flashbulbs– Magnesium and calcium important in body
Transitional MetalsWhy Special? • E- can move more• Ex. change from giving 1 E-
away to giving 2 E- away, etc.
Lanthanide Series• Also called rare-earth • Found naturally on Earth• Only 1 is radioactive
Actinide Series• All radioactive• Some man-made in labs
Tall Groups 3-6 • Named after 1st element in the group
• Boron Family
• Carbon Family
• Nitrogen Family
• Oxygen Family
C 6
N 7
O 8
B 5
Al 13
Si 14
P 15
S 16
Ga 31
Ge 32
As 33
Se 34
In 49
Sn 50
Sb 51
Te 52
Tl 81
Pb 82
Bi 83
Po 84
3A 4A 5A 6A
HalogensElementsFluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br),
Iodine (I), and Astatine (At).
Reactive non-metals 7 electrons in their outer shell. Only need 1 more E- to be full! Interesting Facts
When a halogen combines with another element, the resulting compound is called a halide. Ex. sodium chloride (NaCl).
Noble GasesElementsHelium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar),
Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn).
Nonreactive• Inert gases• Full outer shells
Interesting Facts • Neon used in advertising signs.• Argon used in light bulbs. • Helium used to cool things and in
balloons. • Xenon used in headlights.• Can be forced to bond in labs
TWO AT THE TOP – Why are they different?
• Hydrogen – Not a metal– acts like group 1 or 7– Only 1 shell
• Helium – Only 1 shell– only 2 valence electrons
• (can’t have more)
General Trends of the Periodic Table• Atoms are arranged by their atomic
numbers.• Fr is the most active Metal (botton left) –
circle it• F is the most active Nonmetal (top right,
but not a noble gas)– circle it• Size increases downward and to the left
Na
K
Rb
Cs
ClSPSiAl
BrSeAsGeGa
ITeSbSnIn
Tl Pb Bi
Mg
Ca
Sr
Ba
Be FONCB
Now take the Online Quiz
• There are 10 questions on the Periodic Table.
• Click this link: http://www.chem4kids.com/extras/quiz_elempertable/index.html