Upload
alfred-logan
View
267
Download
3
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Periodic Table of Elements
Color Code the Periodic Table:Metals: blueNonmetals: yellowMetalloids: green
Review- How to read a square
Each element is identified by the number of protonso Each square on the table includes:
How to find the number of neutrons = (atomic mass – atomic number)
How to find the number of protons and electrons = atomic number
The Periodic Table There are about 115 elements that have been
discovered, 92 of which occur in nature. Elements are arranged on the periodic table.
Dmitri Mendeleev Created the first periodic table of elements based
on repeating properties in 1869
Every time the properties started to repeat, he started a new row on the table
How the Table is Arranged
Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number and by their properties in the periodic table.
Remember: o Atomic Number is the number of protons in the nucleus o Atomic Mass is the number of protons plus neutrons is in
an atom
Rows are Called Periods
Each horizontal (left to right) row of elements is called a period.
There are 7 horizontal periods in the table Physical and chemical properties in a period change
from left to right (go from metal, to metalloid, to nonmetal)
Columns are Called Groups
Each vertical (up and down) column of elements is called a group.
There are 18 vertical groups in the table. Elements in the same group have the same chemical
and physical properties.
Classes of Elements Elements are classified into 3
categories:1. Metals2. Non-metals3. Metalloids
The zig-zag line on the periodic table will help you recognize which elements belong in which category
Metals, nonmetals, metalloids
Metals Metals are found to the left of the zigzag line Most metals are solid at room temperature Properties of metals:
o Shinyo Flexible (can be shaped without shattering)o Good conductors of electricity
Nonmetals Nonmetals are found to the right of the zigzag line More than half of the nonmetals are gases at room
temperature. Properties of nonmetals: (opposite of metals)
o Not shiny o Not flexible o Poor conductors of electricity
Metalloids Metalloids are the elements that border the zigzag
line Metalloids have some properties of both metals and
nonmetals.o Ex. Tellurium is shiny but not flexible, so it can not be
shaped. Metalloids are also called semiconductors
Grouping the Elements Element Funkiness
Group 1: Alkali Metals Alkali metals are the most
reactive metals o They Blow up in water!
Properties:o softnesso color of silvero shininesso low density
Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
Very reactive, but less reactive than alkali metals
Properties:o Color of silvero Higher densities than alkali
metals
o See these guys in action!
Groups 3-12: Transition Metals
Less reactive than Alkaline Earth Metals Shared properties:
o shininesso good conductors of electricityo higher densities
Group 17: Halogens Most reactive nonmetals
Properties:o Poor conductors of electric currento Most are toxic!
o Ready for more fireworks??!
Group 18: Noble Gases The most un-reactive elements
on the table. Contain nonmetals
Properties:o colorless, odorless gases at room
temperature
Noble Gases in Balloons!
Put it all together…. Brain pop- periodic table