Ch 20 Sec 1 - The Ch 20 Sec 1 - The Conservative TideConservative Tide

Essential Questions:Essential Questions:What were the reasons for What were the reasons for

the resurgence of the resurgence of conservative valuesconservative values??

What were the major goals of What were the major goals of the the New RightNew Right??

What was the New Coalition?What was the New Coalition?

Goals of the Conservative Goals of the Conservative MovementMovement

Shrink the size of the Federal Shrink the size of the Federal Government and reduce spendingGovernment and reduce spending

Promote Promote family values and patriotic family values and patriotic ideasideas

Stimulate business by Stimulate business by reducing reducing government regulations and government regulations and lowering taxeslowering taxes

Strengthen the Strengthen the national defensenational defense

Sunbelt & Suburban Sunbelt & Suburban ConservatismConservatism

Americans in the Americans in the sunbeltsunbelt opposed high opposed high taxes and regulationstaxes and regulations

Westerners resented regulationsWesterners resented regulations Middle class voters supported tax cutsMiddle class voters supported tax cuts

The New Right The New Right Pro- LifePro- LifeSchool PrayerSchool PrayerAnti-Affirmative Anti-Affirmative Action/Reverse Action/Reverse DiscriminationDiscrimination

Blocked the ERABlocked the ERAPersonal ResponsibilityPersonal Responsibility

The Conservative CoalitionThe Conservative CoalitionAn Alliance ofAn Alliance of::

Business LeadersBusiness LeadersMiddle class votersMiddle class votersDisaffected DemocratsDisaffected DemocratsFundamentalist Christian Fundamentalist Christian Groups/Evangelical ChristiansGroups/Evangelical Christians

The Moral MajorityThe Moral MajorityTelevangelist PreachersTelevangelist Preachers

Ch 20 Sec 2 The Reagan Ch 20 Sec 2 The Reagan YearsYears

Reagan Road the White HouseReagan Road the White HousePres. Screen Actors Guild/ Pres. Screen Actors Guild/

Friendly Witness (HUAC)Friendly Witness (HUAC) Movie Actor 1940’sMovie Actor 1940’sMC for the opening of Disney MC for the opening of Disney

land 1955land 1955 Elected CA Governor 1966Elected CA Governor 1966Election of 1980 elected PresElection of 1980 elected PresAttempted Assassination 1981Attempted Assassination 1981

Reaganomics- Supply side Reaganomics- Supply side EconomicsEconomics

Essential QuestionsEssential QuestionsWhat was What was ReaganomicsReaganomics??What changes occurred on the What changes occurred on the

Supreme CourtSupreme Court??What were the results of What were the results of

deregulationderegulation in the Savings and in the Savings and Loan industry?Loan industry?

Who supported Conservatives Who supported Conservatives Reagan and BushReagan and Bush in the 1984 in the 1984 and 1988 elections?and 1988 elections?

Reaganomics Takes OverReaganomics Takes Over Reagan wanted to reduce the size and Reagan wanted to reduce the size and

influence of the Federal Governmentinfluence of the Federal Government Deep Cuts in Social ProgramsDeep Cuts in Social Programs – Urban Mass – Urban Mass

Transit, Food Stamps, welfare benefits, job-Transit, Food Stamps, welfare benefits, job-training, Medicaid, school lunches and training, Medicaid, school lunches and student loans.student loans.

Supply-side economicsSupply-side economics – Tax cuts by 25 %, – Tax cuts by 25 %, money saved would be reinvested to money saved would be reinvested to improve business and productivity, improve business and productivity, lowering price.lowering price.

Increased Defense SpendingIncreased Defense Spending – MX Missile, – MX Missile, B-1 Bomber, and SDI (Strategic Defense B-1 Bomber, and SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative)Initiative)

Recession, Recovery, and the Recession, Recovery, and the National DebtNational Debt

Severe Recession – July 1981- Nov. Severe Recession – July 1981- Nov. 19821982

Tax Cuts and the 1983 Consumer Tax Cuts and the 1983 Consumer Spending Spree sparked the economySpending Spree sparked the economy

Stocks surged, unemployment Stocks surged, unemployment declined, and GNP went up 10%. declined, and GNP went up 10%.

( Stocks crash 1987 then rebounded)( Stocks crash 1987 then rebounded) Federal Spending still exceeded Federal Spending still exceeded

Federal revenue due to the tax cuts. By Federal revenue due to the tax cuts. By 1984 the National Debt almost doubled.1984 the National Debt almost doubled.

Conservative Supreme CourtConservative Supreme Court Sandra Day O’Connor, Antonin Scalia, Sandra Day O’Connor, Antonin Scalia,

Anthony M. Kennedy, Clarence Thomas, and Anthony M. Kennedy, Clarence Thomas, and a new Chief Justice William Rehnquista new Chief Justice William Rehnquist

Deregulating the EconomyDeregulating the EconomyDeregulationDeregulation – The cutting back of – The cutting back of

Federal regulation of industry. Federal regulation of industry. ( Increased competition and resulted ( Increased competition and resulted

in lower prices for consumers) in lower prices for consumers) Savings and Loan ScandalSavings and Loan Scandal

Budget Cuts for the EPABudget Cuts for the EPA resulted in resulted in more mining, logging of forests and more mining, logging of forests and more oil and gas drilling. more oil and gas drilling. Environmental risk?Environmental risk?

Conservative Coalition 1984/88Conservative Coalition 1984/88BusinesspeopleBusinesspeople – wanted a – wanted a

deregulated econ.deregulated econ.SouthernersSoutherners – Welcomed limits of – Welcomed limits of

Federal Power + Fundamentalist Federal Power + Fundamentalist Christian GroupsChristian Groups

WesternersWesterners – resented federal – resented federal controls on mining and grazingcontrols on mining and grazing

Reagan Democrats-Reagan Democrats- agreed with agreed with limited gov. and felt the Democratic limited gov. and felt the Democratic party had drifted too far left.party had drifted too far left.

Election of 1984Election of 1984Reagan (R) vs. Walter Mondale (D) Reagan (R) vs. Walter Mondale (D)

VP under CarterVP under CarterLandslide for ReaganLandslide for ReaganGeraldine Ferraro of NY Mondale’s Geraldine Ferraro of NY Mondale’s

VP candidate was the first women VP candidate was the first women on a major party’s Presidential on a major party’s Presidential ticket.ticket.

Peace through StrengthPeace through Strength Reagan Doctrine- Reagan Doctrine- The US should The US should

support guerrilla groups who were support guerrilla groups who were fighting to overthrow Communist fighting to overthrow Communist governments. (1.5 trillon dollars in governments. (1.5 trillon dollars in Military Build-up)Military Build-up)

LibyaLibya AfghanistanAfghanistan NicaraguaNicaragua GrenadaGrenada

NicaraguaNicaragua US Marines left in 1933, but left a US Marines left in 1933, but left a

dictator Anastasio Somoza in powerdictator Anastasio Somoza in power Between 1977-79 The Between 1977-79 The SandinistasSandinistas take take

controlcontrol Reagan viewed the Sandinistas as a Reagan viewed the Sandinistas as a

communist threatcommunist threat The US supported the The US supported the ContrasContras with CIA with CIA

training and weaponstraining and weapons The The Boland AmendmentBoland Amendment banned aid to banned aid to

the Contras for two yearsthe Contras for two years

GrenadaGrenada In 1983 Reagan sent in 2,000 US In 1983 Reagan sent in 2,000 US

Marines to overthrow a Pro-Cuban Marines to overthrow a Pro-Cuban government and rescue US citizensgovernment and rescue US citizens

18 US solders were killed18 US solders were killed

Iran-Contra ScandalIran-Contra Scandal In 1985 seven Americans were taken In 1985 seven Americans were taken

hostage in Lebanon by Pro- Iranian grouphostage in Lebanon by Pro- Iranian group President Reagan approved the sale of President Reagan approved the sale of

arms to Iran in exchange for the hostages arms to Iran in exchange for the hostages releaserelease

National Security Council Aid Colonel National Security Council Aid Colonel Oliver North had diverted millions in Oliver North had diverted millions in profits from the arms sale to the Anti- profits from the arms sale to the Anti- communist Contras fighting in Nicaragua communist Contras fighting in Nicaragua

Ch 20 Sec 3 – Life in the EightiesCh 20 Sec 3 – Life in the Eighties

YuppiesYuppies Wall-MartWall-Mart Cable TVCable TV Sony Walkman, Heavy Metal, Run DMCSony Walkman, Heavy Metal, Run DMC CDCD VCRVCR Pong, Pac-Man, Space InvadersPong, Pac-Man, Space Invaders

Life in the 1980’s – Social ConcernsLife in the 1980’s – Social ConcernsAIDSAIDSDrug AbuseDrug AbuseAbortionAbortionEducationEducation

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions::What were the national What were the national

concerns about education, drug concerns about education, drug use, health issues and urban use, health issues and urban problems?problems?

What political, economic, and What political, economic, and social gains were achieved by social gains were achieved by women?women?

How did conservative policies How did conservative policies affect minority groups?affect minority groups?

Health Issues 1980’sHealth Issues 1980’s AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency

Syndrome)Syndrome) Abortion – Roe v Wade 1973Abortion – Roe v Wade 1973

Pro-lifePro-life Pro-choicePro-choice Webster v Reproductive Health Care Webster v Reproductive Health Care

ServicesServices

(States had the right to impose (States had the right to impose restrictions on abortion.)restrictions on abortion.)

Drug AbuseDrug Abuse War on DrugsWar on Drugs Nancy Reagan’s anti- drug campaignNancy Reagan’s anti- drug campaign

““Just Say no!” to drugsJust Say no!” to drugs

““This is your brain This is your brain on drugs.”on drugs.”

Education 1980’sEducation 1980’sA Federal Commission A Federal Commission

issued a report in 1983 called issued a report in 1983 called A Nation at RiskA Nation at Risk

23 million Americans could 23 million Americans could fill out a job application or fill out a job application or follow an instruction manualfollow an instruction manual

School Vouchers were School Vouchers were introduced “America 2000”introduced “America 2000”

Urban CrisisUrban CrisisFlight to the suburbs hurt the inner Flight to the suburbs hurt the inner

citycityHigh UnemploymentHigh UnemploymentHomelessnessHomelessnessCrumbling InfrastructureCrumbling InfrastructureLack of health servicesLack of health servicesDeteriorating SchoolsDeteriorating SchoolsDrugs (Crack)Drugs (Crack)Gangs (Crips & Bloods)Gangs (Crips & Bloods)

LA Riots 1992LA Riots 1992 Rodney KingRodney King was beaten by four white was beaten by four white

police officers after a car chasepolice officers after a car chase Officers were found not guiltyOfficers were found not guilty South Central rioted for five days, 53 South Central rioted for five days, 53

killedkilled

Equal Rights 1980’sEqual Rights 1980’s ERA failed ratification in 1982ERA failed ratification in 1982 47 women were elected to the HOR in 47 women were elected to the HOR in

19921992 6 women in the US Senate6 women in the US Senate 2 women in Reagan’s cabinet2 women in Reagan’s cabinet Pay Equality was fought for by Pay Equality was fought for by

women’s organizationswomen’s organizations

Fight for RightsFight for Rights African American Mayors of many big citiesAfrican American Mayors of many big cities

(Ex. Philadelphia –Mayor Wilson Goode)(Ex. Philadelphia –Mayor Wilson Goode) 1992 1992 L. Douglas WilderL. Douglas Wilder became the became the

Governor of VAGovernor of VA Jesse JacksonJesse Jackson ran for President in 1984 ran for President in 1984

and 1988and 1988

Gains for LatinosGains for Latinos1988 Lauro Cavazos was appointed 1988 Lauro Cavazos was appointed

Sec. of Ed.Sec. of Ed.1990 Dr. Antonia Coello Novello 1990 Dr. Antonia Coello Novello

was appointed Surgeon Generalwas appointed Surgeon General

Native Americans Speak OutNative Americans Speak Out Aid was slashed to Native Americans Aid was slashed to Native Americans

for health, education and other for health, education and other servicesservices

Native American campaigned for Native American campaigned for gambling casinos as a source of gambling casinos as a source of revenuerevenue

Asian American PopulationAsian American Population They were the second fastest They were the second fastest

growing minority population in the growing minority population in the USUS

By 1992 the Asian American By 1992 the Asian American Population was 8.3 million.Population was 8.3 million.

Advances in Gay RightsAdvances in Gay Rights In the 1980’s gay rights groups fought In the 1980’s gay rights groups fought

for civil rightsfor civil rights Direct Action groups called for an end Direct Action groups called for an end

to anti-gay discrimination.to anti-gay discrimination. By 1993, 7 states and 110 communities By 1993, 7 states and 110 communities

outlawed anti-gay discriminationoutlawed anti-gay discrimination

Ch 20 Sec. 4 The End of the Ch 20 Sec. 4 The End of the Cold WarCold War

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions::What changed in the Communist What changed in the Communist

world that ended the Cold War?world that ended the Cold War?What did the US do to influence What did the US do to influence

Central American and Caribbean Central American and Caribbean affairs?affairs?

What was the What was the Iran-Contra ScandalIran-Contra Scandal??How and Why was the US involved How and Why was the US involved

in the in the Persian GulfPersian Gulf War War??

The Cold War EndsThe Cold War Ends March 1985 – March 1985 – Mikhail Mikhail

GorbachevGorbachev became became General Secretary of General Secretary of the USSRthe USSR

GlasnostGlasnost – – “Openness”“Openness” Criticism of the Criticism of the

USSRUSSR Freedom of the Freedom of the

PressPress PerestrokiaPerestrokia – –

Restructuring of The Restructuring of The Soviet EconomySoviet Economy

Relations with the USRelations with the US Summits with President ReaganSummits with President Reagan INF Treaty –Intermediate-Range INF Treaty –Intermediate-Range

Nuclear Forces TreatyNuclear Forces Treaty)) Eliminated two classes of weapon and Eliminated two classes of weapon and

allowed on site inspectionsallowed on site inspections

Decline of the USSRDecline of the USSR In Dec. 1991 14 republics declared In Dec. 1991 14 republics declared

independence from the USSRindependence from the USSR Gorbachev lost power , the USSR Gorbachev lost power , the USSR

endedended CIS (Common Wealth of Independent CIS (Common Wealth of Independent

States) was establishedStates) was established Boris Yeltsin new leader of Russia, Boris Yeltsin new leader of Russia,

START IISTART II

signedsigned

Collapse of CommunisimCollapse of Communisim Nov. 9Nov. 9thth , 1989 East Germany opened , 1989 East Germany opened

the the Berlin WallBerlin Wall Oct., 1990 Germany unitedOct., 1990 Germany united Czechoslovakia divided, Latvia, Czechoslovakia divided, Latvia,

Estonia, and Lithuania became Estonia, and Lithuania became independentindependent

Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania transitioned from communismtransitioned from communism

Yugoslavia collapsed, igniting a brutal Yugoslavia collapsed, igniting a brutal war among Muslims, Orthodox Serbs, war among Muslims, Orthodox Serbs, and Catholic Croatsand Catholic Croats

Tiananmen SquareTiananmen Square Student in China demanded freedom of Student in China demanded freedom of

speech and a voice in gov.speech and a voice in gov. April 1989, Students held marches in April 1989, Students held marches in

Beijing and other citiesBeijing and other cities The PLA under the order of Li Peng The PLA under the order of Li Peng

crushed the protestorscrushed the protestors

PanamaPanama In 1989 Pres. Bush sent 20,000 soilders In 1989 Pres. Bush sent 20,000 soilders

to overthrow and arrest General to overthrow and arrest General Manuel NoriegaManuel Noriega on charges of on charges of international drug-traffickinginternational drug-trafficking

The Persian Gulf WarThe Persian Gulf War On Aug. 2On Aug. 2nd, 1990nd, 1990 Iraq led by Iraq led by Saddam HusseinSaddam Hussein

invaded the oil rich nation ofinvaded the oil rich nation of Kuwait Kuwait Saddam then looked to Saudi ArabiaSaddam then looked to Saudi Arabia Pres. BushPres. Bush organized an international organized an international

coalition and with the support of the UN and coalition and with the support of the UN and Congress launched Congress launched Operation Desert StormOperation Desert Storm

On Jan 16On Jan 16thth, 1991 the air war began, in , 1991 the air war began, in February the ground war beganFebruary the ground war began

Kuwait was liberated, Iraq was weakenedKuwait was liberated, Iraq was weakened Less than 400 American casualties, but Gulf Less than 400 American casualties, but Gulf

War Syndrome?War Syndrome?

Election of 1988Election of 1988 George HW Bush (R) vs. Michael George HW Bush (R) vs. Michael

Dukakis ( D)Dukakis ( D) Moral Majority, comfortable economy, Moral Majority, comfortable economy,

no reason to change.no reason to change. Bush “Read my Lips: no new Taxes!”Bush “Read my Lips: no new Taxes!”

Domestic Challenges for HW Domestic Challenges for HW Bush #41Bush #41

The Economy Slows- Cold war The Economy Slows- Cold war ended, and some companies ended, and some companies downsizeddownsized

Gridlock in Government – Gridlock in Government – capital capital gains tax gains tax was perceived to help the was perceived to help the rich and was defeated by Congressrich and was defeated by Congress

““It’s the economy stupid…” James It’s the economy stupid…” James Carville 1992. ( Aid to Bill ClintonCarville 1992. ( Aid to Bill Clinton))

President Clinton -1992-2000President Clinton -1992-2000 Bill Clinton(D) defeated George H.W. Bill Clinton(D) defeated George H.W.

Bush(R) and Ross Perot in the election Bush(R) and Ross Perot in the election of 1992of 1992