Ch. 20: Commonwealth and

Empire

American Communities: Cooperative Commonwealth

1. Utopian society

2. Nationalist gov’t:a. Workers make

decision

b. All cared for

c. Gov’t by the people

d. Egalitarian society

3. Unrealistic due to

Big business and capitalism

20.1: Towards a National

Governing Class

A. Growth of Government

1. Regulation by gov’t increasing

2. Local & nat’l level interdependent*

3. Taxation increasing

4. Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) –regulation of RR

5. What’s wrong with the ICC?

B. Machinery of Politics1. Congress running the

country

2. Main issue separating political parties…

3. Tariffs!

4. Who in the US would be in favor/oppose of tariffs?

a. Rep/north/industrialists

b. Dem/south/farmers

Political Bosses

Boss Tweed Hinky Dink Kenna

C. Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (1883)

1. position based on merit via exams

2. Get rid of the spoils system

3. Taxation of employees for campaigns no longer allowed

20.2: Farmers and Workers Organize

Populist Movement (1890s)

Farmers come together to challenge RR and the two-party system

akaThe People's Party

Populist Movement

Grangers Colored Farmers Alliance

Farmers Alliance

A. Populists’ Goals

1. Gov’t control major industries; RR, banks, communications

2. Graduated income tax

3. Eradicate monopolies

4. Restrict immigrant/no land

5. Lower tariffs

James Weaver

B. The Grange (1867)

(farmers political association)

1. Corporations such as RR and banks to blame for their hard times

2. Foreign competition = decrease prices of US crops

3. Banned together to dev. own grain elevators, stores, equip to control prices = Cooperatives

4. Munn v. Illinois (1877)

States have the right to regulate private businesses in the interest of the public

Grain storage/ Il Warehouse Act/set rates/14th Amend

Munn v. Illinois

C. Farmers’ Alliance & Populist 1. Wanted “Free coinage

of silver” to help pay off their debt

Negative consequence of all this silver in circulation?

D. Great Uprising of 18771. Began in West Va;

spread from coast to coast

2. Supported by community

3. trickle down effect?4. Pinkertons hired5. Pres. Hayes sends in

federal troops6. Formation of the

National Guard

Strikes by States, 1880

E. Women Build Alliances

1. Supported unions

2. Pres. of WCTUa. Prohibition

b. Prison reform/prostitution

c. Interracial cooperation

d. Suffragist

Frances E. Willard

20.3: The Crisis of the 1890s

A. Panic of 1893- Think “GD”

1. RR bankrupt = trickle effect

2. Failing banks

3. Poor agriculture = poor diets

4. Unemployment, homelessness and crime increasing = vagrancy laws

B. Coxey’s Army

1. Unemployed march to Washington, D.C.

2. Wanted federal gov’t to create jobs via public works projects

C. Homestead Strike (steel workers)

1. Wage cuts/break union

2. Pinkerton’s hired3. Fighting ensues4. Pa. National Guard

sent out/scabs hired5. Conditions worsen:

hrs increased, wages cut, union defeated

D. Pullman Strike1. Wages cut but not rent

2. Il National Guard sent in then federal troops

3. Led by Eugene Debs ARU-American Railway Union

4. Nationwide strike

5. End result: 25 dead

E. “What would Jesus Do?”

1. Social Gospel - using Christianity to solve social problems

2. Capitalism evil

F. Election of 1896

McKinley (Rep) WJ Bryan (Dem)

“Cross of Gold”

Election 1896

(271/176)

20.4The Age of Segregation

A. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

1. Establishes the “Separate but equal” Doctrine

2. Gave rise to Jim Crow laws

B. Voting Disenfranchisement

1. Literacy test

2. Poll taxes

3. Property qualification

4. Grandfather clause

5. SCJ = ensured “qualified” voters

C. People U should knowIda B. Wells

Red Record

NACW

Tom Watson

Goes from a civil rights supporter to White

supremacist

20.5 and 20.6 covered in next unit: Imperialism and WWI

20.5Imperialism of Righteousness

or Whiteousness?

All in the name of imperialism!

Imperialism

Controlling another country politically, economically, and militarily

Why you ask?

A. Three factors of Imperialism*1. Economic competition among industrial nations

a. Need for raw material b. new markets for their products (people to sell it to).c. America selling more than it was buying; increase trade/reduce

tariffs

2. Political and Military competitiona. Strong navy and strategic locations for refueling (pacific

islands)

3. Racial Superiority – a. Anglo-Saxonism: English-speaking nations had superior

character, ideas, and systems of gov’tb. Manifest destiny

* Not all Americans believed in imperialism

Anti-Imperialist LeagueUnited States represents democracy and self determination

B.White Man’s Burden

Civilization v. Savagery

B. Missions1. Christianity

2. commerce

C. Good Neighbor Policy

1. US to intervene if local govt not able to handle revolts/uprisings

2. Want to keep European nations out of LA

3. Great White Fleet

D. Hawaii & Queen Lil1. US needed a pit stop to

Asia/refuel2. Stepping stone to Asian

markets3. Queen Lil:

a. “Hawaii for Hawaiians”b. dethroned by planters

supported by marinesc. replaced w/ Sanford Dole

4. Hawaii allowed for construction of Pearl Harbor.

5. 1898: Hawaii formally an American territory

E. Open Door Policy

1. US wants to trade w/China; Sec. of St John Hay

2. Boxer Rebellion(1900) – revolt by Chinese rebels wanting foreigners out of their country

3. US sends in troops; put down rebels

20.6: The Spanish-American

War

“A Splendid Little War”

Short, inexpensive, few causalities, great gains

A. America and Cuba

1. Why was U.S. so interested in Cuba?

2. Sugar cane plantations = big business; major buyer

3. US impose tariffs (fees/taxes)= ruined economy for Cuba/Spain

4. Jose Martia. Cuban rebel lived in NYb. wanted independence from

Spainc. First attempt failed; second

did not =d. Republic of Cuba, 1895

B. America Supports Rebels

1. William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer

a. newspaper owners

b. stories about mistreatment of Cubans

2. Used Yellow journalism-

a. exaggerated news =

b. Amer. support of Cubans

c. “Cubans fed to sharks”

3. Spanish Gen. Weyler “The Butcher” – placed thousands of Cubans in concentration camps

C. More reasons to support Cuba1. Pres. McKinley send USS

Maine to Havana in case Spanish loyalist attack Americans in Cuba

2. The De Lome letter, by Spanish ambassador, criticizes Pres. McKinley as “weak”

3. USS Maine battleship explodes; Spain blamed

4. Jingoism – aggressive nationalism, supports war

5. April 25, 1898 “lets get ready to rumbllllllllllllle”

D. War on Two Fronts1. U.S. declares war on

Spaina. First battle, in Philippines;

Spanish colony; wanted independence from Spain

b. Helped by rebel Emilio Aguinaldo

2. Spain surrenders to Americans not Philippines!

Emilio Aguinaldo

Commander George Dewey

E. Platt Amendment1. Conditions added to the Cuban

constitution. a. Pay back debts to US; not get into

debt with other nationsb. No treaties w/other country c. Allowed US to intervene/protect

when necessary d. build naval station on land;

Guantanamo Bay

2. Protectorate – country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger country

3. Repealed 1934

F. Philippine-American War (1899)

1. Upset US took over after Spain2. Revolted against US

a. US used same tactics as Spain against Cubab. Cost of war $400m; US paid Spain $20m for

Philippines!!c. Used lands for sugar plantations.

3. US controls from 1902-19464. Why? Stepping stone to Asian markets.5. Independence gained July 4,1946