Chapter 7 The Global Struggle for Empire c. 1700-1763

Global Powers and Economy

Most people were farmersManufacturing on the rise

Cottage Industry

Global commerce created many new wealthy families

Bourgeoisie and landed aristocracy merged

Dutch shipping and banking strong until 1800s

France dominated trade in Europe

Profitable colonies in India and the Americas

After the Death of Louis XIV• Councils

reestablished for decision making• Parlements

(courts) able to evaluate royal decrees

French King

Louis XVr. 1715-1774

“I shall not tolerate in my kingdom the formation of an

association which would … degenerate into a confederation

for resistance”

Faced challenges to absolutist rule

The Rise of England

Gained some French land from the Peace of Utrecht

English Exports Increase

Eighteenth Century London is the west’s largest and richest city

1707 Acts of Union united English and Scottish crowns

England

Scotland

Ireland (1801)

United Kingdom of Great Britain

British ParliamentHouse of Lords House of

Commons (rich)

Much greater power than French Parlements

Power from Stuart to HanoverKing George Ir. 1714-1727German Protestant relative of the Stuarts

Threats of War

1800s British Dominance of India

White=Nations the British have not invadedAll but 22 countries

Transatlantic Slave Trade

Triangular Trade

Middle Passage

1. European goods traded fro slaves

2. Africans to the Americas as slaves

3. American goods and materials to Europe

1700-18001700-18006,000,000+ Africans6,000,000+ Africans

Transported Across the Transported Across the AtlanticAtlantic

(as many as 15 mil total 1500s-1800s)(as many as 15 mil total 1500s-1800s)

PlantationSugar, Tobacco, Cotton, etc.

Economic prosperity from slave labor (four fifths of all commodities)

1807 British 1807 British Parliament Parliament

Outlawed The Outlawed The Slave TradeSlave Trade

1720 The Bubbles BrokeFranceMississippi Bubble• Causes?• Solution?• Lasting Effects?• Cardinal Flueury and Robert Walpole

EnglandSouth Sea Bubble

1740-1748War of Austrian Succession

Most Major European Powers Involved

1740 Austrian and HRE Charles VI

diedPragmatic Sanction

Queen Maria Theresa (1717-1780)

Charles VI’s daughter

1740 Frederick II

invaded Austria not recognizing

the new female heir

France joined with Prussia

Why?Louis XV

England joined with Austria

Why?King George II

Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Prussia took Austrian Silesia

Conflict Continues with Seven Years’ War

Seven Years’ War 1756-1763France, Austria, Spain, and Russia

vs.Great Britain and Prussia

1756 Diplomatic Revolution

The First World War?

Battles In Europe,

India, and North

America

“In the end God will have pity on us and crush this monster.”Austrian Empress Maria Theresa,

speaking of Frederick II, 1757

1763 Truce: Prussia kept Silesia and established itself as a major power

IndiaIndiaBritish

vs.French

Britain won in 1763

North America“French & Indian War”

(1754-1763)British vs. French for dominance of

the Americas

French King Louis XV

(1710-1774)

English King George III(1738-1820)

Vs.Vs.

Many natives sided with France to stop British expansion

Battles mainly near and in Canada

Colonel George

Washington(1732-1799)

French General

Montcalm won early victories,

but killed in battle in

1759

1759 Quebec taken by the British

Under the leadership of William Pitt the British won

with their superior navy

1763 Treaty of Paris

How to pay for the costs of the war?

Tax the American Colonies

?

The ColoniesEntrepreneurs

(Cheap Land)Indentured

Servants (7 Years)

ConvictsSlaves