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Ch. 14 sec. 3 page 393. England: “land of the Angles”. Celts Romans Germanic Tribes (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) + Vikings. Alfred the Great: King 871-899. Unites Anglo-Saxons Turned back Viking invaders Later…. Edward the Confessor: 1042-1066. No heir, so three claim throne. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Ch. 14 sec. 3 page 393
England: “land of the Angles”
• Celts• Romans• Germanic Tribes (Angles, Saxons, Jutes)
+ Vikings
Alfred the Great: King 871-899
• Unites Anglo-Saxons
• Turned back Viking invaders
Later…
Edward the Confessor: 1042-1066
• No heir, so three claim throne
1066 A.D.: Three claim throne…
• King Harald of Norway• Duke William II of Normandy
• Harold of Wessex
1066 A.D.: Three claim throne…
• King Harald of Norway• Duke William II of Normandy
• Harold of Wessex becomes
King Harold II
1066 A.D.: Three claim throne…
• King Harald of Norway attacks and is killed.
1066 A.D.: Three claim throne…
• Duke William II of Normandy
attacks King Harold at the Battle of Hastings
The Bayeux Tapestry (1066 A.D.)
• “Here King Harold is slain”
1066 A.D.: Three claim throne…
• Duke William II of Normandy
wins, becomes
William the Conqueror
- Declares all of England his personal
property (Feudalism) Later…
Henry II: 1154-1189• strengthened Royal Courts• introduced Juries (p.394)• established Common Law – rulings by courts
Richard (I) the Lion-Heart
• King from 1189-1199• Left no heir• You may know him from the story of…
Robin Hood…
While on the Third Crusade…
Prince John…
Actually…
Returning from the Crusade…
Richard is shot by an arrow…
And dies of Gangrene
John Softsword: 1199-1216
• Trouble with the Church
• Trouble with the Nobles
King John vs. The Church
Kingly Troubles• Many kings became ruthless and increasingly power hungry.
Kingly Troubles• Many kings became ruthless and increasingly power hungry.
• King John argues with Pope Innocent III over picking new Arch-Bishop of Canterbury
Troubles with the Church• Pope chooses…
• King John won’t allow him in England and seizes Church land
Troubles with the Church• So, the Pope excommunicates King John
• placed an interdict on England
Troubles with the Church• King John eventually gives in
• Must pay compensation to Church
King John vs. The Nobles
The Magna Carta 1215 A.D.
Nobles were upset due to:
• Argument with Pope (interdict)
• High taxes; cruelty• Lost costly wars (lost
Normandy)• So, they REBEL
The Magna Carta• They wrote out a list of their
demands called the Magna Carta “Great Charter”.
• They said either you agree to our demands or no more feudalism.
InCommo
n?
Your lands cannot be taken in payment for debt as long as you pay the debt some other way.
For small offences you will face only a small penalty.
The rights of the Church are considered to be the same as the rights of freemen.
The King shall not raise taxes without first consulting with the barons.
No widow shall be forced to marry so long as she prefers to live without a husband.
The Magna Carta
Nobles will face punishment only by other nobles.
No one will be forced to make bridges at river-banks. (seriously)
There shall be standard weights and measures throughout the realm.No one will be put in jail without first having a trial by jury.
The king, like all others in England, must follow the law.
The king cannot force anyone to go to war outside of the country.
The Magna Carta I, King John, accept that I
have to rule according to the law.So I agree:1. Not to imprison nobles without trial2. To have fair taxation for the nobles3. To let nobles travel wherever they like4. Not to interfere in Church matters5. Not to take crops without paying for them…and lot more things too!!
This is Important
!
Magna Carta: page 395• Written by Nobles, signed/ sealed by King John
• Limits King’s powers• Guarantees certain rights
Later…
Edward I 1272-1307• Edward “Longshanks”• 1295 A.D. – created the “Model Parliament” with Lords, Knights, Bishops,
and Burgesses* *Commoner or Freeman
What about France?
• P. 397: Estates-General