Cell Organelles

Chapter 7 – Section 3

Review

• What did we say were the TWO MAIN types of cells?

• What do they have in common?

• What was the BIGGEST Difference?

1. What did we say were the two main types of cells?

Prokaryotic, and Eukaryotic

2. What do they have in common?

Cell Membrane, DNA, and

the ability to Break down molecules

3.What is the BIGGEST difference between them?

Prokaryotic, have NO membrane-bound organelles; Eukaryotic have membrane bound organelles.

Organelles

• Eukaryotic cells contain organelles.• Organelles are compartments within the

cell. • Each organelle is specialized. • They each have a specific function.

2. Plant Cell

1. Animal Cell

There are two types of EUKAROTIC cells

Cytoplasm• Clear, jelly-like fluid that supports the cell• Site of chemical reactions• Keeps organelles in place

Cytoskeleton• Organelles don’t float freely in a cell.• They are supported by protein structures

in the cytoplasm called the cytoskeleton.

Cytoskeleton• Provides

structure and support

• Works like poles of a tent

• Assists organelles in moving around the cell

NucleusContains DNA which stores

information for making proteins for cell growth, function, and reproduction.

• Nuclear Envelope – the membrane surrounding the nucleus. It’s similar to the plasma membrane.

• Only Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. Prokaryotes have DNA; it’s just not packaged in a nucleus.

Nucleolus• Inside nucleus

• Makes ribosomes

Ribosomes• Are made in the

nucleolus. Once made, they leave the nucleus and go to the cytoplasm.

• Site of protein synthesis according to directions from the DNA.

• Found bound to rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and throughout the entire cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Folded membrane suspended in the cytoplasm near the nucleus.

• Acts like the “highway” of the cell in that it transports proteins around the cell.

2 Types:1) Rough ER – area on ER where

ribosomes attach; Makes and transport proteins.

2) Smooth ER – area where no ribosomes are attached, makes lipids (like phospholipids, for example), and it transports proteins.

Golgi Apparatus

• A flattened system of tubular membranes

• Sends proteins to the plasma membrane in packages called vesicles to be exported outside the cell.

• “Post-Office” of the cell.

Mitochondria• “Powerhouse” of the

cell - generates energy for the cell

• Converts food particles (in the form of sugars) to energy

Vacuoles

• Sac-like structure• Plant cells contain one

large one to store water.

• Animal cells usually don’t contain vacuoles but if they do, they are small.

• For temporary storage of water and/or food.

Cilia• Short, hair-like fibers that move in a wave-like

motion to carry materials along the surface of the cell or to move single-celled organisms through fluid. Made of proteins.

parameciumTracheal cells (#3 is mucous particle)

Flagella• Also made of proteins

• Long, whip-like projections that move the cell through fluid.

Organelles Found Only in Animal Cells

Centrioles• Animal cells only

• Made of protein microtubules.

• Function during cell division.

•More about these in Chapter 9.

Lysosomes• Contain digestive enzymes to break-down

wastes (worn-out organelles, food particles, viruses, and bacteria).

• Found only in animal cells• “Clean-up crew” of the cell

Organelles Only in Plant Cells• There are 2 main things that plant cells

have that animal cells do not:

1.The cell wall, which is made of rigid fibers to provide support and allow plant to stand upright. Provides protection by surrounding the plasma membrane.

2.Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis which is the conversion of light energy (sun) to chemical energy (carbs) for a cell to use.

Cell BoundariesCell Wall

- Plants, Fungi, and Bacteria have this additional boundary

- Located outside the plasma membrane- Provides additional support and protection

(cellulose) - Allows molecules to pass through (no selection)

Chloroplasts• Only in plant cells• Site of photosynthesis

– captures light energy and converts it to energy the plant cell can use.

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